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intro to rad midterms > l7 > Flashcards

l7 Flashcards

1
Q

describe materials as being
composed of ultimate particles.

A

democritus

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2
Q

discovered some of the
effects of electricity

A

Thales

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3
Q

Three specific aspects of physical science helped
pave the way for the discovery of x-rays

A

electricity,
vacuums, and image recording materials

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4
Q

produced the first -recognized
vacuum.

A

Evangelista Torricelli

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5
Q

invented an air pump that was capable
of removing air from a vessel or tube.

A

▪Otto von Guericke

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6
Q

one of the first to extensively study
electricity and magnetism.

A

William Gilbert
(of England)

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7
Q

working with glass, silk and paper,
distinguished two different kinds of
electricity.

A

Charles du Fay

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8
Q

built and improved the static
generator.

A

isaac newton

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9
Q

He demonstrated a current of electricity by
transmitting electricity from a Leyden jar
through wired and a vacuum tube

A

william watson

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10
Q

In 1831, He induced an
electricity current by moving a
magnet in and out of a coil.

A

michael faraday

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11
Q

Known for Electromagnetic
Radiation and Photoelectric
Effect

A

Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff

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12
Q

He made a significant improvement in the
electroscope, a vessel for discharging
electricity under vacuum conditions.

A

Abbḗ Jean-Antoine Nollet

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13
Q

He conducted many electrical
experiments.

A

Benjamin Franklin

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14
Q

He conducted several experiments
with cathode rays, which are streams
of electrons emitted from the surface
of a cathode.

A

Johann Wilhelm Hittorf

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15
Q

He invented the Crookes Tube,
investigating cathode rays and
He also discovered Thallium (Tl)

A

William Crookes

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16
Q

He found that cathode rays could penetrate
thin metal and would project a few
centimeters into the air. He also studied the
deflection of rays because of magnetic fields.

A

Philipp Lenard

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17
Q

In 1890, successfully
produced one of the earliest known
radiographs, or X-ray images

A

William Goodspeed

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18
Q

He produced the first photographic copy
of written material in 1727

A

Johann Heinrich Schulze

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19
Q

He produced a film with a
gelatin silver bromide
emulsion

A

Richard Leach Maddox

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20
Q

He produced and patented
roll-paper film

A

George Eastman

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21
Q

a name
synonymous with the groundbreaking
discovery of X-rays, revolutionized both
physics and medicine. His accidental
finding in 1895 opened up a new realm of
diagnostic possibilities and paved the way
for advancements in medical imaging that
continue to shape healthcare today.

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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22
Q

Birth of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

A

Born on March 27, 1845, in Lennep, Germany

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23
Q

Father of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

A

Friedrich Conrad Roentgen

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24
Q

Friedrich Conrad Roentgen’s occupation

A

cloth merchant

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25
Q

mother of wilhelm roentgen

A

Charlotte
Constanze Frowein

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26
Q

Charlotte
Constanze Frowein, came from a

A

well-
established Dutch family

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27
Q

roentgen’s family relocated to the

A

netherlands

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28
Q

Wilhelm Roentgen’s wife

A

Anna Bertha Ludwig

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29
Q

Anna Bertha Ludwig was born on

A

April 22, 1839

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30
Q

Roentgen asked for Bertha’s
hand in marriage

A

August 6, 1868

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31
Q

Bertha and Wilhelm were married
on

A

January 19, 1872

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32
Q

Roentgen pursued mechanical
engineering at the prestigious

A

Polytechnic Institute in Zurich,
Switzerland

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33
Q

a prominent
physicist known for his work in
acoustics and optics, became a
significant mentor for Roentgen.

A

August Kundt

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34
Q

____ influence steered
Roentgen towards the intricacies
of experimental physics, sparking
a passion that would define his
career.

A

August Kundt

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35
Q

Roentgen returned to Wurzburg as a Professor of Physics
and director of the new Physical Institute at the University of
Wurzburg.

A

October 1, 1888

36
Q

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays while working in his modest laboratory
at the university.

A

November 8, 1895

37
Q

Roentgen discovered
that by placing his
hand between the
tube and a piece of
card-board coated
with _______, he
could actually
visualize the bones of
his hand, thus
demonstrating the
primitive fluoroscopic
screen.

A

barium
platinocyanide

38
Q

▪Roentgen submitted a report entitled, “On A New kind of
rays” to the Wurzburg Physico-Medical Society.

A

December 28, 1895

39
Q

▪Roentgen submitted a report entitled, ________ to the Wurzburg Physico-Medical Society

A

“On A New kind of
rays”

40
Q

▪Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in Physics in (year) in (place)

A

1901 in stockholm

41
Q

wilhelm conrad roentgen became a member of the

A

Physical Society of Stockholm

42
Q

The _____ had asked Roentgen to take the chair of physics and become director of the Physical Science
Institute at Ludwig Maximillians University of Munich.

A

bavarian government

43
Q

▪The Bavarian Government had asked Roentgen to take the
chair of physics and become director of the Physical Science
Institute at ______

A

Ludwig Maximillians University of Munich.

44
Q

▪Bertha died on

A

October 31, 1919, in her 80th year

45
Q

bertha died due to

A

serious kidney disease

46
Q

roentgen died on? and was cremated 3 days later

A

February 10, 1923

47
Q

roentgen died due to

A

colon trouble, which progressed, and in early
1923 he was diagnosed with terminal colon cancer

48
Q

Roentgen willed some of the equipment he used
to the famous

A

Deustsches Museum in
Munich.

49
Q

when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the as yet
unknown rays and published his findings.

A

1895

50
Q

attempted to explain the nature of the
rays to the citizen in the United States

A

thomas alva edison

51
Q

passed a law against opera glasses with x-ray vision

A

england

52
Q

one of the most knowledgeable on the
subject, took notice and questioned the effects of x-rays.

A

thomas edison

53
Q

He complained that his eyes were sore and red after working with a fluorescent tube.

A

thomas edison

54
Q

the first known radiograph produced
in the United States was made on

A

January 2, 1896

55
Q

the first known radiograph produced
in the United States was made on January 2, 1896, by ______, a professor at Columbia
Univesity.

A

Michael Idvorsky Pupin

56
Q

Pupin’s production of the radiograph was thought to have occurred approximately ______ after Roentgen discovered x-rays.

A

2weeks

57
Q

started his experiments with the
roentgen rays.

A

thomas edision

58
Q

Edison and his staff had performed a large
number of experiments and discover the
use of

A

calcium tungstate

59
Q

Edison immediately stopped all his research in
fluoroscopy, which involved extensive use of radiation, when one
of his assistants, ______, suffered severe
radiation damage of the work.

A

Clarence Madison Dally

60
Q

Three of the most prominent persons credited with the discovery of radioactivity. who were jointly,
awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903

A

Pierre and Marie Curie and Henri Becquerel

61
Q

noticed that radium killed diseased cells, which
was the first suggestion of the medical utility of radioactivity.

A

Pierre Curie

62
Q

refined the knowledge of radioactivity and
purified the radium metal.

A

Marie curie

63
Q

marie curie received a Nobel Prize for her work in
chemistry

A

1911

64
Q

Marie Curie became acquainted with Albert Einstein
and resumed her experiments with radium. However,
her efforts were halted because of

A

world war I

65
Q

Marie curie developed approximately ___ mobile radiographic
units and ____ installations for the army

A

20 ; 200

66
Q

trained French soldiers and gave x-ray classes to
American soldiers.

A

Marie curie

67
Q

established the Army School of
Roentgenology at University of Tennessee at Memphis in
1942.

A

US army

68
Q

army continued to train x-ray personnel at ______ in _____ and trained more than 900 enlisted
technicians.

A

John Gaston
Hospital in Memphis

69
Q

The branch of radiology using radioactive materials for medical diagnosis and
treatment.

A

nuclear radiology

70
Q

Is an integral part of patient care and is extremely
valuable in the early diagnosis of numerous medical
conditions

A

nuclear medicine

71
Q

The roots of nuclear medicine can be traced back to
the late ___ century when scientists began studying
radioactivity.

A

Early Concepts (1890s-1940s) - 19th century

72
Q

Discovered natural
radioactivity, leading to further exploration of
radioactive materials.

A

Henri Becquerel (1896)

73
Q

Isolated radioactive
isotopes, including polonium and radium, expanding
the understanding of radioactivity and its applications.

A

Marie and Pierre Curie (1898)

74
Q

The use of radioactive isotopes began in medicine,
primarily for therapeutic purposes.

A

Development of radionuclides: 1930’S

75
Q

Development of Radionuclides : in 1941 for the treatment of
hyperthyroidism marked a significant advancement in the use of
radioactive materials in clinical settings

A

The introduction of iodine-131

76
Q

A Hungarian chemist who
won the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry in 1943 for his
work on isotopes.
• He developed techniques
for using radioactive
tracers to study metabolic
processes in living
organisms, laying the
groundwork for nuclear
medicine applications.

A

George Hevesy

77
Q

1.Known for discovering blood
groups and co-inventing the concept
of radioimmunoassay (RIA).
2.His work in the 1940s contributed
to the development of diagnostic
techniques using radioactive
materials to identify and quantify
substances in biological samples.

A

Karl Landsteiner

78
Q

1.A pioneer in the field of nuclear medicine who significantly
contributed to the establishment of diagnostic imaging
techniques.
2.Worked on developing radiopharmaceuticals for both diagnostic
and therapeutic uses in patients.

A

Robert E. McClure

79
Q

1.A significant figure in the early development of nuclear
medicine, particularly in using radionuclides for imaging.
2.Contributed to the establishment of guidelines and protocols
for the safe use of radioactive materials in clinical practice.

A

J. H. H. Lindholm

80
Q

______ scintillation camera (Anger camera) broadened the
young discipline of nuclear medicine into a full-fledged medical
imaging specialty.

A

Hal O. Anger’s

81
Q

invented the cyclotron, chamber that
made it possible to accelerate particles to high speeds for use as
projectiles.

A

1932, Ernest Lawrence

82
Q

made a significant breakthrough when he induced a
successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at the University of Chicago
in 1942.

A

Enrico Fermi

83
Q

The results of this breakthrough were first
demonstrated when atomic devices were
detonated experimentally in

A

1945 at White
Sands, New Mexico.

84
Q

Shortly thereafter, these devices were introduced as weapons when atomic
bombs were dropped on

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

85
Q

The computer manipulates the electronic digital image to
construct the visible image.

A

MODERN RADIOLOGY

86
Q

applied in most of the imaging performed
in radiology today. This includes diagnostic ultrasonography,
nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance and digital
fluoroscopy, and radiography.

A

digital imaging

intro to rad midterms (7 decks)

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