l7 Flashcards by Alyssa Lizelle Uy

describe materials as being
composed of ultimate particles.

democritus

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discovered some of the
effects of electricity

Thales

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Three specific aspects of physical science helped
pave the way for the discovery of x-rays

electricity,
vacuums, and image recording materials

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produced the first -recognized
vacuum.

Evangelista Torricelli

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invented an air pump that was capable
of removing air from a vessel or tube.

▪Otto von Guericke

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one of the first to extensively study
electricity and magnetism.

William Gilbert
(of England)

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working with glass, silk and paper,
distinguished two different kinds of
electricity.

Charles du Fay

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built and improved the static
generator.

isaac newton

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He demonstrated a current of electricity by
transmitting electricity from a Leyden jar
through wired and a vacuum tube

william watson

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In 1831, He induced an
electricity current by moving a
magnet in and out of a coil.

michael faraday

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Known for Electromagnetic
Radiation and Photoelectric
Effect

Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff

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He made a significant improvement in the
electroscope, a vessel for discharging
electricity under vacuum conditions.

Abbḗ Jean-Antoine Nollet

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He conducted many electrical
experiments.

Benjamin Franklin

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He conducted several experiments
with cathode rays, which are streams
of electrons emitted from the surface
of a cathode.

Johann Wilhelm Hittorf

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He invented the Crookes Tube,
investigating cathode rays and
He also discovered Thallium (Tl)

William Crookes

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He found that cathode rays could penetrate
thin metal and would project a few
centimeters into the air. He also studied the
deflection of rays because of magnetic fields.

Philipp Lenard

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In 1890, successfully
produced one of the earliest known
radiographs, or X-ray images

William Goodspeed

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He produced the first photographic copy
of written material in 1727

Johann Heinrich Schulze

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He produced a film with a
gelatin silver bromide
emulsion

Richard Leach Maddox

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He produced and patented
roll-paper film

George Eastman

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a name
synonymous with the groundbreaking
discovery of X-rays, revolutionized both
physics and medicine. His accidental
finding in 1895 opened up a new realm of
diagnostic possibilities and paved the way
for advancements in medical imaging that
continue to shape healthcare today.

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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Birth of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Born on March 27, 1845, in Lennep, Germany

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Father of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Friedrich Conrad Roentgen

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Friedrich Conrad Roentgen’s occupation

cloth merchant

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mother of wilhelm roentgen

Charlotte Constanze Frowein

Charlotte Constanze Frowein, came from a

well- established Dutch family

roentgen’s family relocated to the

netherlands

Wilhelm Roentgen’s wife

Anna Bertha Ludwig

Anna Bertha Ludwig was born on

April 22, 1839

Roentgen asked for Bertha’s hand in marriage

August 6, 1868

Bertha and Wilhelm were married on

January 19, 1872

Roentgen pursued mechanical engineering at the prestigious

Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, Switzerland

a prominent physicist known for his work in acoustics and optics, became a significant mentor for Roentgen.

August Kundt

____ influence steered Roentgen towards the intricacies of experimental physics, sparking a passion that would define his career.

August Kundt

Roentgen returned to Wurzburg as a Professor of Physics and director of the new Physical Institute at the University of Wurzburg.

October 1, 1888

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays while working in his modest laboratory at the university.

November 8, 1895

Roentgen discovered that by placing his hand between the tube and a piece of card-board coated with _______, he could actually visualize the bones of his hand, thus demonstrating the primitive fluoroscopic screen.

barium platinocyanide

▪Roentgen submitted a report entitled, “On A New kind of rays” to the Wurzburg Physico-Medical Society.

December 28, 1895

▪Roentgen submitted a report entitled, ________ to the Wurzburg Physico-Medical Society

“On A New kind of rays”

▪Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in Physics in (year) in (place)

1901 in stockholm

wilhelm conrad roentgen became a member of the

Physical Society of Stockholm

The _____ had asked Roentgen to take the chair of physics and become director of the Physical Science Institute at Ludwig Maximillians University of Munich.

bavarian government

▪The Bavarian Government had asked Roentgen to take the chair of physics and become director of the Physical Science Institute at ______

Ludwig Maximillians University of Munich.

▪Bertha died on

October 31, 1919, in her 80th year

bertha died due to

serious kidney disease

roentgen died on? and was cremated 3 days later

February 10, 1923

roentgen died due to

colon trouble, which progressed, and in early 1923 he was diagnosed with terminal colon cancer

Roentgen willed some of the equipment he used to the famous

Deustsches Museum in Munich.

when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the as yet unknown rays and published his findings.

1895

attempted to explain the nature of the rays to the citizen in the United States

thomas alva edison

passed a law against opera glasses with x-ray vision

england

one of the most knowledgeable on the subject, took notice and questioned the effects of x-rays.

thomas edison

He complained that his eyes were sore and red after working with a fluorescent tube.

thomas edison

the first known radiograph produced in the United States was made on

January 2, 1896

the first known radiograph produced in the United States was made on January 2, 1896, by ______, a professor at Columbia Univesity.

Michael Idvorsky Pupin

Pupin’s production of the radiograph was thought to have occurred approximately ______ after Roentgen discovered x-rays.

2weeks

started his experiments with the roentgen rays.

thomas edision

Edison and his staff had performed a large number of experiments and discover the use of

calcium tungstate

Edison immediately stopped all his research in fluoroscopy, which involved extensive use of radiation, when one of his assistants, ______, suffered severe radiation damage of the work.

Clarence Madison Dally

Three of the most prominent persons credited with the discovery of radioactivity. who were jointly, awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903

Pierre and Marie Curie and Henri Becquerel

noticed that radium killed diseased cells, which was the first suggestion of the medical utility of radioactivity.

Pierre Curie

refined the knowledge of radioactivity and purified the radium metal.

Marie curie

marie curie received a Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry

1911

Marie Curie became acquainted with Albert Einstein and resumed her experiments with radium. However, her efforts were halted because of

world war I

Marie curie developed approximately ___ mobile radiographic units and ____ installations for the army

20 ; 200

trained French soldiers and gave x-ray classes to American soldiers.

Marie curie

established the Army School of Roentgenology at University of Tennessee at Memphis in 1942.

US army

army continued to train x-ray personnel at ______ in _____ and trained more than 900 enlisted technicians.

John Gaston Hospital in Memphis

The branch of radiology using radioactive materials for medical diagnosis and treatment.

nuclear radiology

Is an integral part of patient care and is extremely valuable in the early diagnosis of numerous medical conditions

nuclear medicine

The roots of nuclear medicine can be traced back to the late ___ century when scientists began studying radioactivity.

Early Concepts (1890s-1940s) - 19th century

Discovered natural radioactivity, leading to further exploration of radioactive materials.

Henri Becquerel (1896)

Isolated radioactive isotopes, including polonium and radium, expanding the understanding of radioactivity and its applications.

Marie and Pierre Curie (1898)

The use of radioactive isotopes began in medicine, primarily for therapeutic purposes.

Development of radionuclides: 1930’S

Development of Radionuclides : in 1941 for the treatment of hyperthyroidism marked a significant advancement in the use of radioactive materials in clinical settings

The introduction of iodine-131

A Hungarian chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1943 for his work on isotopes. • He developed techniques for using radioactive tracers to study metabolic processes in living organisms, laying the groundwork for nuclear medicine applications.

George Hevesy

1.Known for discovering blood groups and co-inventing the concept of radioimmunoassay (RIA). 2.His work in the 1940s contributed to the development of diagnostic techniques using radioactive materials to identify and quantify substances in biological samples.

Karl Landsteiner

1.A pioneer in the field of nuclear medicine who significantly contributed to the establishment of diagnostic imaging techniques. 2.Worked on developing radiopharmaceuticals for both diagnostic and therapeutic uses in patients.

Robert E. McClure

1.A significant figure in the early development of nuclear medicine, particularly in using radionuclides for imaging. 2.Contributed to the establishment of guidelines and protocols for the safe use of radioactive materials in clinical practice.

J. H. H. Lindholm

______ scintillation camera (Anger camera) broadened the young discipline of nuclear medicine into a full-fledged medical imaging specialty.

Hal O. Anger's

invented the cyclotron, chamber that made it possible to accelerate particles to high speeds for use as projectiles.

1932, Ernest Lawrence

made a significant breakthrough when he induced a successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at the University of Chicago in 1942.

Enrico Fermi

The results of this breakthrough were first demonstrated when atomic devices were detonated experimentally in

1945 at White Sands, New Mexico.

Shortly thereafter, these devices were introduced as weapons when atomic bombs were dropped on

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

The computer manipulates the electronic digital image to construct the visible image.

MODERN RADIOLOGY

applied in most of the imaging performed in radiology today. This includes diagnostic ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance and digital fluoroscopy, and radiography.

digital imaging