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MCN II > L6 - Neuropharmacology > Flashcards

L6 - Neuropharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Neuropharmacology?

A

The drug and toxin induced changes in the function of cells in the nervous system

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2
Q

What are the two branches of Neuropharmacology?

A

Behavioural

Molecular

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3
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

Branch of pharmacology dedicated to the determination of the fate of substances administered to a living organism

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4
Q

What does Pharmacokinetics mainly deal with?

A

Absorption of the Chemical
Distribution in the body
Metabolism
Excretion

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5
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics?

A

Physiological effects of drugs in the body

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6
Q

What does Phharmacodynamics mainly deal with?

A

Dose-Response Relationships
Activity/Response profiles
Mechanism of Action

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7
Q

List examples of routes of drug administration

A 
Oral
Intravenous
Intraperitaneal
Sub-cutaneous
Sub-lingual
Intra-nasal
Inhalation
Into ventricle
Local injections
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8
Q

In order for a drug to pass into the brain it must be..

A

Have a molecular weight less than 500

Be highly lipophillic or be actively transported

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9
Q

What does high potency mean?

A

You only need a low concentration of the drug to elicit a maximal response

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10
Q

What does high efficacy mean?

A

The size of the effect you obtain is large

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11
Q

What is an EC50?

A

The concentration needed to evoke half maximal response

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12
Q

Why would you perform a second messenger assay?

A

To try to discover what the drug is causing to happen in the cell

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13
Q

What methods do big companies use to discover drugs?

A

Purification from a natural source followed by structural and chemical derivation e.g. Aspirin
Derivation of natural enzyme substrates or NTs e.g. L-Dopa
Utlization of X-ray structures of putative drug target for computer assisted drug design e.g. AMPA antagonists
High throughput screening followed by chemical optimization (Most favoured)

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14
Q

How do we condition fear in Rats?

A

Use the Fear Potentiated Startle method (FPS) . Which involves the association of a signal with a loud noise.

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15
Q

How do we test innate fear in rats?

A

Using the light dark box which uses the Rat’s natural tendency to explore a new environment and aversive properties of a brightly lit open area

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16
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Inappropriate expression of fear

17
Q

What is a mood?

A

Sustained emotional state

18
Q

How were brain areas of emotional processing discovered?

A

Lesion studies both experimental and opportuinistic

19
Q

An insular cortex lesion would have what effect?

A

The inability to experience disgust

20
Q

An amygdala lesion would have what effect?

A 
Learned fear response is eliminated
Innate fear response in inhibited
Hypersexuality
Decreased aggresion
General suppressed emotion
21
Q

What are the centres for fear and aversion in the human brain?

A

Pre-frontal cortex
Anterior and posterior cingulate cortex
Insular cortex
Amygdala

22
Q

What is the neual circuit for emotion

A

The papez circuit

23
Q

List possible sites for drug action

A 
NT synthesizing enzymes
Synaptic vesicle transporters
Reuptake transporters
Degradative enzymes
Transmitter gated ion channls
GPCRs
g-proteins
G-protein gated ion channels
2nd messenger cascades
24
Q

Where do Benzodiazepines act?

A

At an allosteric binding site between the alpha and gamma subunits on a GABAareceptor/

25
Q

What is Diazepam more commonly known as?

A

Valium

26
Q

What is Diazepam commonly used to treat?

A 
Anxiety
Insomnia
Seizures
Alcohol withdrawal
Muscle Spasms
27
Q

What is Alprazolam more commonly known as?

A

Xanax

28
Q

What is Alprazolam commonly used to treat?

A

Moderate anxiety disorders
Panic attacks
Adjunctive treatment for anxiety associated with depression

29
Q

What can GABA hypofunction/Glutamate hyperfunction cause?

A

Anxiety
Drug Abuse
Schizophrenia
Epilepsy

30
Q

What can Glutamate hypofunction cause?

A

Depression

Schizophrenia

31
Q

What are the most common Anti-depressants?

A

Tricyclics -target NA and 5HT uptake
Serotonin and NA reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

MCN II (10 decks)

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