L6 - Neonatal Diarrhea

Question 1

Match the infectious agent with the age of the animal.

1. First 3 days
2. 3-7 days
3. 5-7 days
4. 5-14 days
5. 4-21 days
6. 7-4/6 months

Answer 1

1. E. coli
2. Coronavirus/rotavirus
3. Cryptosporidium parvum
4. Salmonella
5. Giardia
6. Eimeria (coccodiosis)

Question 2

What CS are associated with E. coli infection?

Answer 2

Secretory diarrhea

Severe dehydration

Question 3

How can E. coli be treated?

Answer 3

Remove from GI (Amoxicillin)
Correct dehydration
Vaccination
Clean calving environment

Question 4

Compare and contrast Rotavirus and Corona virus.

Answer 4

• Rotavirus attaches to villous enterocytes only while coronavirus attaches to villous + crypt enterocytes
• Rotavirus causes malabsorptive diarrhea, coronavirus causes malabsoprtion & maldigestion
• Rotavirus resolves in ~2 days, coronavirus CS have longer duration

Question 5

TRUE/FALSE

Cryptosporidium parvum is found in the environment and is shed by neonates only.

Answer 5

FALSE

-Adults can shed the virus

Question 6

What kind of diarrhea doe cryptosporidium cause?

Answer 6

malabsorptive

-Severe villous atrophy

Question 7

What is cryptosporidium treated/prevented?

Answer 7

• Supportive care/ no antibiotics

- Prevent exposure (no vax)

Question 8

What kind of diarrhea is caused by salmonella?

Answer 8

Secretory → penetrates mucosa and causes intense submucosal inflammation

Question 9

TRUE/FALSE

Coccidiosis pathogens are Eimeria bovid and Eimeria zuernii and have a dose dependent infection causing bloody diarrhea.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

How can neonatal diarrheal pathogens be diagnosed?

Answer 10

-Fecal sampling!

Question 11

What is one problem that can lead to the development of these issues?

Answer 11

Failure of passive transfer!

Question 12

What is the #1 treatment for neonatal diarrhea?

Answer 12

Return calf to normal fluid balance

Question 13

At what %dehydration does a neonate need IV fluid therapy?

Answer 13

8%

Question 14

What should the main component of electrolytes/fluids be?

Answer 14

• Electrolyte
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Energy - glucose

Question 15

Describe the electrolyte therapy protocol for moderate scours.

Answer 15

Alternate between 2L milk and 2 L electrolytes

Question 16

Describe the electrolyte therapy protocol for severe scours.

Answer 16

AM: 1-2 L electrolyte
Noon: 2 L electrolytes
PM: 1 L milk
Evening: 2L electrolyte
-Overnight: Ad lib electrolytes

Question 17

When should antibiotics be used?

Answer 17

Moderate - oral

Severe - injectable

Question 18

TRUE/FALSE

NSAIDs can be used to treat diarrhea.

Answer 18

TRUE

-1/4 dose flunixin meglimine.

Question 19

What are additional treatment options for neonatal diarrhea?

Answer 19

-Rotagen combo (abs)
-Halocur (IgG)
Protectants

Question 20

What are the methods to reduce the challenge of neonatal diarrhea?

Answer 20

• Treat sick claves promptly and isolate
• Attend to sick calves last
• Wash and disinfect after dealing with sickest
• Spray regularly
• Shed design

Question 21

Which pathogens have a vaccine?

Answer 21

Rotavirus
Coronavirus
Clostridium perfringens type C & D
E. coli