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LAM II - Test 1 > L4 - Omasal/Abomasal Disorders > Flashcards

L4 - Omasal/Abomasal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the omasum located?

A

R of the median plan and opposing the 7th and 11th ribs

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2
Q

The omasum provides large surface area for the absorption of _____.

A
  • Volatile fatty acids
  • Electrolytes
  • Water
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3
Q

What role does the omasum have in regards to feed particles?

A

It reduces them

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4
Q

Omasal impaction is a _____ disorder.

primary/secondary

A

Primary

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5
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The omasum is typically never involved with other fore stomach primary diseases.

A

FALSE.

It can be secondarily involved

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6
Q

What is the cause of omasal impaction?

A
  • Feeding rough fibrous feed during droughts

- Feeding machine-made wheat

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7
Q

What are the CS of omasal impaction?

A
  • Anorexia
  • Dehydration
  • Abdominal distention
  • Ruminal Hypomotility
  • No palpable abnormalities of intestines
  • Empty rectum (no feces)
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8
Q

How is omasal impaction usually diagnosed?

A

Found on exploratory rumenotomy

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9
Q

What are the treatment options for omasal impaction?

A
  • Fluid therapy
  • Supportive care
  • Change diet
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10
Q

What is the role of the abomasum?

A

Glandular organ

Secretes HCl acids and enzymes

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11
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Age is an important risk factor for abomasal ulcers (i.e. young > adult)

A

FALSE
it can affect cattle of all ages
-Periparturient cows, dairy calves, pre-weaned beef calves

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12
Q

What kind of stress factors may lead to abomasa ulcers?

A
  • Higher stocking rate

- Parturition → retained fetal membranes, mastitis, metritis, hypocalcemia

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13
Q

What organisms are thought to play a role in abomasa ulcers?

A
  • Clostridium
  • Campylobacter
  • Streptococci
  • Fungi
  • C. Perfringens type A
  • Not really H. pylori
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14
Q

What are the types of abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Non Perforating ulcers → types I & II

- Perforating ulcers → types III & IV

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15
Q

What are the types of Non-peforating abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Type I: Non-bleeding ulcers

- Type II: Major bleeding

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16
Q

What are the types of perforating ulcers?

A
  • Type III: local peritonitis

- Type IV: diffuse peritonitis

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17
Q

Type ____ abomasal ulcers are associated with periparturient period, LDAs, coliform mastitis, and metritis.

A

Type I

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18
Q

What are the CS of Type I abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Not severely affected → ↓ feed intake, ↓ milk production

- Darkened, soft to fluid feces, minimal anemia

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19
Q

How are type I abomasal ulcers diagnosed?

A

Only at necropsy

20
Q

Type ____ abomasal ulcers are associated with black tarry feces and anemia.

A

Type II

21
Q

What are the CS of type II abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Black tarry feces
  • Anemia
  • Sharp decline in milk production, depression, +/- appetite
  • Rumen motility depressed (strength and rate)
22
Q

How are type II abomasal ulcers diagnosed?

A
  • profouNd anemia (PCV <15%)

- Guaiac fecal occult blood test → detects 75 mL blood loss/day

23
Q

Type ___ abomasal ulcers are associated with lymphosarcoma.

What is seen because of this?

A

Type II

  • more gradual blood loss
  • Detetable weight loss
  • may have enlarged LN
24
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Type II abomasal ulcers can affect cows >5yrs at any stage of gestation and lactation.

A

TRUE

25
Q

What are the treatment for Type I and II abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Correct concurrent disease
  • Reduce stress
  • Correct dietary problems
  • Severe anemia → restore blood volume
    • IV fluids
    • Whole blood → min 5 L recommended
  • Not surgery
  • Acidity modifiers (Ranitidine IV)
26
Q

TRUE/FALSE
A cow comes in with a Type II abomasal ulcer and needs a blood transfusion. The donor can donate up to 8 L of blood and must be cross matched.

A

FALSE

The healthy donor can donate up to 8L but no cross matching is needed.

27
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Oral medications are effective in ruminants.

A

FALSE

meloxicam is one of the only things you can give orally to ruminants.

28
Q

Type ____ abomasal ulcers are associated with early postpartum.
What does it resemble?

A

Type III

-Resembles TRP → moderate febrile, anorectic, acute ↓ in milk

29
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Type IV abomasal ulcers are medical emergencies.

A

TRUE

30
Q

What are the CS associated with perforating abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Tachycardia (>120/min)
  • complete rumen stasis
  • severe dehydration
  • recumbency with cold extremities
31
Q

How are perforating abomasal ulcers diagnosed?

A

-Abdominocentesis → toxic changes in cells + intracellular bacteria

32
Q

What clinicopathological changes are seen with Type III abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperproteinemia
  • Hyperglobulinemia
  • Hyperfibrinogenemia
33
Q

What clinicopathological changes are seen with Type IV abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Severe neutropenia
  • Severe hemoconcentration (>40%)
  • Hypoproteinemia
34
Q

What is the treatment for for perforating ulcers?

A
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics

- Restricted exercise (allows firm adhesion to develop)

35
Q

Displaced abomasum occurs mostly on the ____ side.

A

Left

36
Q

Describe a Left displaced abomasum

A

180˚ torsion WITHOUT volvulus
Rotation along its long axis ventral to the left of the rumen
little/no outflow obstruction occurs

37
Q

Describe a Right displaced abomasum

A

180˚ torsion +/- volvulus
Rotation about the mesenteric axis
outflow obstruction and schema if gastric arteries or veins obstructed

38
Q

What are the predisposing factors for displaced abomasum

A
  • Genetics (females> males)
  • 4-7 y/o dairy cows → 2 weeks lactation
  • Periparturient disease
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Ketosis fatty
  • Ineffective fiber
  • Metritis
  • Mastitis
  • Dystocia
  • Liver disease
39
Q

What are the prognoses of the different abomasal ulcers?

A

I-III: Fair unless associated with lymphosarcoma

IV: GRAVE

40
Q

What test predicts for LDAs?

A

BHB

41
Q

How is Displaced abomasum diagnosed?

A
  • Ping & auscultation
  • Abdominal Ultrasound
  • Definitive diagnosis: abdominal exploratory
  • Liptack test
42
Q

What happens if you hear a ping on the right?

A Ping on the Left?

A

Right: Gas within spiral colon or cecum
Left: rumen gas

43
Q

What do you after you obtain a ping on the left side, indicating LDA?

A

Liptack test

44
Q

What is the Liptack test?

A
  • Performed to diagnose displaced abomasum.
  • Centesis of the area below the gas ping “abomasum”
  • Fluid pH <4.5 = abomasum
  • Burnt almond odor of gas
45
Q

What are the medical treatments for displaced abomasum?

A
  • Usually in combination with surgical correction

- Correct underlying cause

46
Q

How is displaced abomasum surgically corrected?

A
  • Roll and toggle
  • Right flank omentopexy (most common)
  • Right flank omentoabomasopexy
  • Left flank abomasopexy
  • Right paramedian abomasopexy
  • Laparoscopic abomasopexy

LAM II - Test 1 (6 decks)

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