L6 Memory II

Question 1

Describe the Two-stage model of memory consolidation Predictions and Evidence.

Answer 1

Prediction - Information that conflicts with prior semantic memory will take longer to consolidate than congruent information

Evidence - schema consistent information is learnt quicker than inconsistent.
- rapid cortical learning for congruent information, even in the absence of episodic memory.

Question 2

Describe the system consolidation hypothesis of memory consolidation Predictions and Evidence.

Answer 2

Prediction - Information will gradually transfer from the hippocampus to the cortex over time (after sleep).

Evidence - lower hippocampul activation for distantly learnt memories compared to newly learnt ones.

Question 3

Is episodic memory needed for semantic learning?

Answer 3

Evidence has shown people can learn semantic info (clive wearing) withou episodic, however episodic memory is optimal for the process.

Question 4

What is interleaving?

Answer 4

learning new information by associating it with old information.

Question 5

Describe the differences between the two types of declarative memory, Episodic and Semantic.

Answer 5

• Semantic knowledge stable under sleep deprivation
• Episodic in healthy people, is affected by semantic info
• Episodic memory requires new info to be bound to semantic info

Question 6

Which three sins of memory lead to memory being reconstructive/malleable?

Answer 6

• Bias
• Source miss-attribution
• Suggestibility

Question 7

when does memory become malleable?

Answer 7

At the point of recall

Question 8

what did DeMaster & Ghetti find?

Answer 8

Using images under different borders, found that binding process linked to hippocampus

Question 9

Describe Hubachs research, about how re-activation leads to malleability.

Answer 9

On day 1, ppts saw a basket with 7 objects in, were given a memory test. On day 2, ppts were given new objects to learn, and asked to remember the previous day. this was done in either the same room or a different room. On day 3, were told to remember the original baskets contents. found worst recall for those in the same room- thought thus was due to greater re activation of the basket memory because of the context.

Question 10

Why is memory malleable? give evidence

Answer 10

Future thinking - Schacter believed that memory may be organised to be malleable to facilitate future thinking

Evidence - FMRI scans so the hippocampus is active to the same level when thinking about past and future.

Evidence - Research has shown that people use the same amount of internal and external perspective description when describing both future and past events, suggesting that we think about it in the same way.

Evidence - people with Hippocampus damage cant think about future or past.

Evidence - people with dementia cant think of past or future.

Updating memory - memory could be malleable to facilitate updating of memory.