L5 Memory I

Question 1

Describe Tulvigs model of Memory.

Answer 1

Memory formed of three components;

• procedural
• Semantic
• Episodic

Systems integrated, so procedural contains Semantic memory, which contains Episodic memory.

Question 2

Describe how memory has been investigated using the Lesion paradigm; including prediction and evidence.

Answer 2

Prediction - people with damage to specific parts of the brain like the hippo-campus should only be able to display procedural and semantic memory

Evidence - Clive wearing had hippo-campul damage and lost his episodic memory.

Question 3

Describe how memory has been investigated using the FMRI paradigm; including prediction and evidence.

Answer 3

Prediction - people in scans should display different areas of activation when using the different types of memory

Evidence - FMRI studies show that different patterns of activation when using the different types of memory.

Question 4

Describe how memory has been investigated using the Cognitive paradigm; including prediction and evidence.

Answer 4

Prediction - differences will be seen between knowledge that is Remembered (episodic) and Known (semantic)

Evidence - Kan et al gave healthy people and people with hippocampul damage a test, where they were given objects and its corresponding price. price could be true (congruent) or false (incongruent) to their prior semantic knowledge. Found semantic knowledge interfered with episodic but only for the healthy ppts, not for those with episodic damage. this shows that the two systems are encompassing and separate.

Question 5

Describe the Two-stage model & System consolidation models for memory consolidation.

Answer 5

Memory consolidation is the transfer of memory from episodic to semantic

Two stage model - says memory is first encoded in the episodic memory system of the hippocampus, and transfers to the semantic memory in the cortex over time. This model accounts for our ability to be robust to ‘catastrophic interference’ where we encounter one schema inconsistent thing and re-write whole scheme

System consolidation Hypothesis - states that episodic memory is transferred from the hippocampus to the semantic cortex during slow wave sleep, where neuronal replay occours.

Question 6

Describe evidence for system consolidation hypothesis of memory consolidation.

Answer 6

Evidence - study shows that Episodic learning is negatively impacted by sleep deprivation, but does not affect Semantic learning.

Evidence - Found that exposing people to a rose scent during sleep helped them learn spatial information when it was also present during the task, showing that neuronal replay is an important process for memory consolidation.