Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CM - Control > L6 - Localisation > Flashcards

L6 - Localisation Flashcards

1
Q

what lobes does the central sulcus divide?

A

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what lobes does the lateral sulcus divide?

A

frontal

parietal

temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Precentral gyrus (anteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the primary sensory cortex located?

A

Postcentral gyrus (posteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

Superior temporal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why can the cerebral cortex’s thickness vary between people? (between 2-4mm)

A

cortex gets thinner as we age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what lobes does the Parieto-occipital sulcus divide?

A

separates the occipital from parietal lobe on the medial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which sulcus runs perpendicular to the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Calcarine sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Primary visual cortex (7,8) = either side of calcarine sulcus

(occipital lobo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which sulcus follows the C shaped pattern of corpus callosum?

A

Cingulate sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of fibre is the cingulum?

A

a band of white matter of association fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cingulate gyrus is a lobe itself, which lobe?

A

limbic lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cingulate gyrus continues ventrally as what gyrus?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in which lobe will you find the hippocampus?

A

deep within temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus?

A
  • associated with memory

- ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which gyrus folds over on itself to form the uncus?

A

parahippocampal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

A

uncus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the concept of Brodmann areas?

A

Specific areas of cortex are believed to carry out specific functions

  • 46 areas – Brodmann areas (1909)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

regarding brodmann areas, what function does area 4 have?

A

Area number 4 = within the precentral gyrus so associated with motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

regarding brodmann areas, what areas refer to the somatosensory cortex?

A

Area numbers 1,2,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a primary area?

A

an area of cortex receiving sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a sensory area?

A

specific sensory pathways terminate here, perceived sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where will you find the general sensory (somaesthetic) area?

A

post-central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where will you find the general sensory (somaesthetic) area?

A

post-central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what sensory area will you find in heschl’s gyrus?

A

(superior temporal gyri)

auditory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what sensory area will you find in the uncus?

A

olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what sensory area will you find in the inferior post-central gyrus?

A

gustatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where will you find the primary motor cortex?

A

pre-central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the blood supply of the post-central gyrus?

A
  • MCA supplies the lateral surface
  • ACA supplies the medial surface

NB: If there is an aneurysm/bleed depending on the sensory loss, the damaged artery
can be predicted e.g. ACA or MCA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

according to the Cortical homunculus, why are the hands, lips, feet, face, genitals proportionately bigger?

A

because they are more sensitive than other structures (butt, leg, arm) due to more sensory receptors and more axons occupying more area in the post-central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the function of the pre-central gyrus?

A
  • primary motor cortex

- controls voluntary contraction/movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what two pathways does the pre-central gyrus/primary motor cortex send descending fibres down?

A

corticospinal & corticobulbar tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are association (secondary) areas?

A
  • Receives input from primary sensory area.
  • Involved in interpretation/understanding (integrating and relating to past experiences)

e.g.
primary - touch
secondary - gentle/sharp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where is the secondary general sensory (somaesthetic) area?

A

superior parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

where is the secondary visual area?

A

pre-striate area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what Brodmann area refers to the the supplementary motor and pre-motor area?

A

BA 6

  • anterior to primary motor
  • learned complex motor activities
  • storage of those activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

which Brodmann area stores learned complex motor activities?

A

BA 6

  • supplementary motor
  • anterior to primary motor
38
Q

what Brodmann area refers to the the frontal eye field?

A

BA 8

  • frontal lobe
  • controls voluntary scanning movements of eyes
39
Q

what Brodmann area controls voluntary scanning movements of eyes?

A

BA 8

  • frontal eye field
  • frontal lobe
40
Q

what Brodmann area refers to Broca’s area?

A

BA 44, 45

  • inferior frontal gyrus (dominant hemisphere/left)
  • regulates pattern of breathing and vocalisation needed for normal speech
41
Q

what Brodmann area regulates pattern of breathing and vocalisation needed for normal speech?

A

BA 44, 45

broca’s area
- inferior frontal gyrus (dominant hemisphere/left)

42
Q

what does Brodmann area 6 refer to?

A

supplementary motor association area

pre-motor association area

43
Q

what does Brodmann area 8 refer to?

A

frontal eye field

44
Q

what does Brodmann area 44, 45 refer to?

A

broca’s area

45
Q

what does Brodmann area 3, 2, and 1 refer to?

A

post central gyrus

  • receives sensory pathways for touch, temperature, vibration, pain, proprioception
46
Q

which thalamic nuclei receives input from the legs and where does it project the information?

A

lateral VPL

projects to midline of brain

47
Q

which thalamic nuclei receives input from the arms and where does it project the information?

A

medial VPL

projects to lateral region of brain

48
Q

which thalamic nuclei receives input from the face and where does it project the information?

A

VPM

lateral region of brain

49
Q

what is meant by somatotropin organization?

A

specific parts of the body are projected to different specific parts of the cortex

50
Q

what does Brodmann area 5 and 7 refer to?

A
  • post central gyrus
  • interpretation, understanding and recognition
  • spatial analysis
51
Q

what Brodmann area is responsible for spatial analysis?

A

BA 5 7

52
Q

what condition occurs as a result of a lesion in Brodmann areas 5 and 7?

A

tactile agnosia

  • lack of ability to recognise objects through touch
53
Q

which Brodmann areas refer to the primary auditory cortex?

A

BA 41, 42

  • superior temporal gyrus (heschl’s gyrus)
  • conscious perception of sound
  • tonotopically organised
54
Q

sound information is relayed by which thalamic nuclei?

A

medial geniculate (then sent to the primary auditory cortex)

55
Q

which Brodmann area is responsible to the conscious perception of sound?

A

BA 41, 42

  • primary auditory cortex
56
Q

what is meant bytonotopically organised, and which Brodmann areas are organised in this way?

A

organised by frequencies of sound - different frequencies are mapped in different areas

BA 41, 42
- primary auditory cortex

57
Q

which Brodmann areas refer to the association auditory cortex?

A

BA 22

  • surrounds primary auditory area
  • wernicke’s area (in the dominant hemisphere, typically left)
58
Q

what is wernicke’s area and what Brodmann areas refer to it?

A

BA 22

  • dominant area for interpretation of written or spoken word
  • typically on the left hemisphere
59
Q

which Brodmann areas refer to the primary visual cortex?

A

BA 17

  • area around the calcimine sulcus
  • receives information from the retina
  • rentinotopically organised
60
Q

which thalamic nuclei relays vision to the primary visual cortex?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus

61
Q

which Brodmann areas are around the calcarine sulcus?

A

BA 17

primary visual

62
Q

which Brodmann areas receive information from the retina?

A

BA 17

primary visual

63
Q

which Brodmann areas refer to the association visual cortex?

A

BA 18, 19

  • surrounds primary
  • interpretation of visual information
64
Q

which Brodmann areas are responsible for the interpretation of visual information?

A

BA 18, 19

association visual cortex

65
Q

what condition would occur as a result of a lesion in Brodmann areas 18 and 19?

A

association visual cortex

prosopagnosia

(inability to recognise faces)

66
Q

functioning of sensory and motor association areas are “equipotential”, what does this mean?

A

[Left and right hemispheres do the same things for left and right sides of the body]

67
Q

Damage to secondary sensory areas leads to agnosia, what does this mean?

A

inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things

68
Q

Damage to secondary motor areas leads to apraxia, what does this mean?

A

inability to perform learned movements

e.g. learned writing

69
Q

damage to secondary sensory areas leads to what?

A

agnosia

70
Q

damage to secondary motor areas leads to what?

A

apraxia

71
Q

What is the function of the general association cortex?

A
  • integrates all sense together
  • involved in more complex aspects e.g. judgement and personality

two parts:
prefrontal cortex
parieto-temporal cortex

72
Q

what is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A
  • regulates moods and feelings
  • involved in higher order cognitive functions
  • conceptualisation, planning, judgement
73
Q

what is the function of the parieto-temporal cortex?

A
  • integrates information of different modalities

- involved in memory

74
Q

which part of the general association cortex regulates moods and feelings?

A

prefrontal cortex

75
Q

which part of the general association cortex is involved with higher cognitive functions such as planning and judgement?

A

prefrontal cortex

76
Q

which part of the general association cortex is involved with memory?

A

parieto-temporal cortex

77
Q

what is a lobotomy?

A

Involves destruction of the frontal lobe by turning an eye to
one side and putting a stick inside the eye socket and wiggle the frontal lobe around.

78
Q

there are two language area located in the dominant hemisphere, what are they?

A

broca’s area (BA 44, 45)

Wernicke’s area (22)

79
Q

there are two language area located in the dominant hemisphere, which one is involved in the production of speech?

A

broca’s area (BA 44, 45)

80
Q

there are two language area located in the dominant hemisphere, which one is involved in the interpretation of speech?

A

Wernicke’s area (22)

81
Q

what is arcuate fasciculus?

A

a bundle of axons that connects Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

82
Q

what condition occurs as a result of a lesion within the arcuate fasciculus?

A

conduction aphasia

  • impaired repetition
  • comprehension and fluency intact
83
Q

what condition occurs as a result of a lesion within Wernicke’s area?

A

sensory/fluent aphasia

  • inability to understand language
84
Q

what condition occurs as a result of a lesion within Broca’s area?

A

motor/non-fluent aphasia

  • inability to correctly articulate speech
85
Q

Damage to the language areas of the brain results in aphasia. Where would a lesion be that results in motor/non-fluent aphasia (inability to correctly articulate speech)?

A

Broca’s area

86
Q

Damage to the language areas of the brain results in aphasia. Where would a lesion be that results in sensory/fluent aphasia (inability to understand language)?

A

Wernicke’s area

87
Q

Damage to the language areas of the brain results in aphasia. Where would a lesion be that results in conduction aphasia?

A

arcuate fasciculus

88
Q

what is Cerebral dominance?

A

the normal tendency for one side of the brain to control particular functions, such as handedness and speech

89
Q

which hemisphere is usually dominant?

A

left hemisphere – related to handedness (left motor controls right limb)

90
Q

within Cerebral dominance, what is the non-dominant hemisphere concerned with?

A

spatial awareness

91
Q

is spatial awareness carried out by the dominant or non-dominant hemisphere?

A

non-dominant

CM - Control (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions