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cm - control > L13 - The cerebellum > Flashcards

L13 - The cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general function of the cerebellum?

A
  • production of co-ordinated movements
  • maintain equilibrium, balance and posture
  • coordinates appropriate time, force, and duration of muscle contraction (synergy)
  • stores instructions for patterns of movement
  • linguistic and cognitive functions
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2
Q

does the cerebellum act contralaterally or ipsilaterally?

A

ipsilateral

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3
Q

where is the cerebellum found?

A

under the occipital lobes

attached by 3 cerebellar peduncles

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4
Q

the anterior and posterior lobe of the cerebellum are divided by what?

A

primary fissure

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5
Q

what can happen to the Tonsils of the cerebellum if intracranial pressure is increased?

A

herniate and leave via foramen magnum

compresses medulla

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6
Q

what are the 3 subdivisions of the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellum (Archicerebellum)

Spinocerebellum (Paleocerebellum)

Cerebrocerebellum (Neocerebellum)

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7
Q

the Neocerebellum is also known as what?

A

Cerebrocerebellum

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8
Q

the Paleocerebellum is also known as what?

A

Spinocerebellum

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9
Q

the Archicerebellum is also known as what?

A

Vestibulocerebellum

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10
Q

the Vestibulocerebellum is also known as what?

A

Archicerebellum

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11
Q

the Cerebrocerebellum is also known as what?

A

Paleocerebellum

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12
Q

the Spinocerebellum is also known as what?

A

Neocerebellum

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13
Q

what is the Vestibulocerebellum (Archicerebellum) comprised of?

A

flocculonodular lobe and middle part

of vermis

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14
Q

what is the Spinocerebellum (Paleocerebellum) comprised of?

A

most of vermis and

adjacent region of cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

what is the Cerebrocerebellum (Neocerebellum) comprised of?

A

lateral parts of cerebellar hemispheres

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16
Q

which part of the cerebellum is only found in animals capable of higher cognitive processing? e.g. humans

A

Cerebrocerebellum (Neocerebellum)

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17
Q

what is the function of the Vestibulocerebellum?

A

maintaining balance

constancy of visual fields

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18
Q

what is the function of the Spinocerebellum?

A

posture

locomotion (gait)

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19
Q

what is the function of the Cerebrocerebellum?

A

Co-ordinates movements of distal limbs, particularly fine, skilled and targeted movements of hands

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20
Q

which part of the cerebellum regulates balance and eye movements?

A

Vestibulocerebellum

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21
Q

where does the Vestibulocerebellum receive input from?

A

Receives (ipsilateral)

information from vestibulocochlear nerve/vestibular nuclei in medulla

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22
Q

vestibulocerebellar fibres carry information via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

vestibular nucleus is in the medulla

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23
Q

where does the Vestibulocerebellum receive input from?

A

Receives vestibulocerebellar afferents from the vestibular

nuclei of the same side - travel via ICP

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24
Q

where does the Vestibulocerebellum send information to?

A

Sends cerebellovestibullar efferents back to

vestibular nuclei – travel via ICP

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25
Q

the Vestibulocerebellum regulates balance by sending information down which tract?

A

Vestibulospinal tract

• Coordinates the actions of muscles that
maintain equilibrium

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26
Q

what is the function of Vestibulospinal tract?

A

Coordinates the actions of muscles that

maintain equilibrium

27
Q

the Vestibulocerebellum co-ordinates the actions of eye movements by sending information down which tract?

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

28
Q

what is the function of Medial longitudinal fasciculus?

A

• Coordinates the actions of eye movement

• Also descends with vestibulospinal tract (similar
role)

29
Q

where does the Spinocerebellum receive input from?

A

Receives unconscious
proprioception (status of whole limb) from Golgi organs/muscle
spindle

30
Q

what type of proprioception do Golgi organs of muscles inform the brain of?

A

tension a muscle is under

31
Q

what type of proprioception do muscle spindles of muscles inform the brain of?

A
  • length of muscle
  • speed of movement
  • level of tension
32
Q

what does the spinocerebellum do in response to proprioception input from limbs?

A
  • adjusts muscle tone

- adjusts execution of movements

33
Q

Spinocerebellar tract carries information via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

34
Q

the cerebellum knows proprioception of muscles/what they’re doing due to which tract?

A

Spinocerebellar tract:

Proprioception and other sensory
information from spinal cord passes
into the cerebellum via the ICP

35
Q

where does the Cerebrocerebellum receive information from?

A

Receives information on intended
movements that are in progress from
the cerebral cortex:

  • Corticopontine fibres
  • Olivocerebellar fibres
36
Q

which part of the cerebellum ensures a smooth and orderly

sequence of muscle contractions with intended precision, force and direction?

A

Cerebrocerebellum

37
Q

the cerebrocerebellar receives information via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle (if receiving
from motor cortex via the pontine nuclei)

inferior cerebellar peduncle (if receiving
from Inferior olivary nucleus)

38
Q

Right half of cerebellum co-ordinates action of muscles on which side fo the body?

A

right side

ipsilateral

39
Q

the cerebellum puts output via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

superior

Output to:
Motor cortex (via Thalamus)
40
Q

input from the cortex to the cerebellar travels via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle - motor from cortex via nuclei in pons

inferior cerebellar peduncle - motor from cortex via inferior olivary nucleus

41
Q

the cerebellum receives proprioception input via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

42
Q

the cerebellum sends Cerebellothalamic and cerebellorubral efferents
to thalamus and red nucleus via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

superior

43
Q

the cerebellum can influence descending pathways to control muscle tone and execution of
movements via which tracts?

A
  • Rubrospinal

- Corticospinal tracts

44
Q

the cerebrocerebellum receives pontocerebellar afferents from contralateral pontine nucleus via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

middle

45
Q

the cerebrocerebellum receives olivocerebellar afferents from contralateral pontine nucleus via which cerebellar peduncle?

A

inferior

46
Q

the cerebrocerebellum sends cerebellothalamic to contralateral thalamus via decussation of which cerebellar peduncle?

A

superior

47
Q

the cerebrocerebellum influences descending pathways to ensure intended movements are precise via which tracts?

A
  • corticospinal
  • corticorubro (rubrospinal)
  • corticoreticular (reticulospinal)
48
Q

what is ataxia?

A

lack of co-ordination

person is still able to move but in a disordered manner

49
Q

what is truncal ataxia?

A
  • inability to stand or sit without falling over
  • midline lesion affecting vestibulocerebellum
  • most commonly due to medulloblastoma
50
Q

if we’re falling over to the left, which side of the cerebellum may be injured?

A

left

  • ipsilateral
51
Q

a midline lesion affecting vestibulocerebellum would result in what type of ataxia?

A

truncal ataxia

52
Q

what is gait ataxia?

A
  • lower limbs most affected
  • staggering, wide-based gait
  • lesion of the spinocerebellum
53
Q

a lesion affecting spinocerebellum would result in what type of ataxia?

A

gait ataxia

54
Q

gait ataxia is most common in which group of people?

A

chronic alcoholics

due to degeneration fo cerebellar neurone in paravermal areas

55
Q

what would a lesion of the cerebrocerebellum result in?

A
  • lack of co-ordination of voluntary movement
  • particularly in UL

e. g.
- tremor
- dysmetria
- adiadochokinesia
- dysarthria

56
Q

what is dysmetria?

A

lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with a limb/eye

finger to nose CN test

57
Q

what is adiadochokinesia?

A

inability to perform the rapid alternating movements

58
Q

what is dysarthria?

A

difficult or unclear articulation of speech

59
Q

dysarthria is a feature of which type of cerebellar lesion?

A

lesion of cerebrocerebellum

into-ordination of voluntary movements (incl fine movements of the mouth)

60
Q

adiadochokinesia is a feature of which type of cerebellar lesion?

A

lesion of cerebrocerebellum

into-ordination of voluntary movements

61
Q

dysmetria is a feature of which type of cerebellar lesion?

A

lesion of cerebrocerebellum

into-ordination of voluntary movements

62
Q

a staggering gait is a feature of which type of cerebellar lesion?

A

lesion of spinocerebellum

63
Q

the inability to sit or stand without falling over is a feature of which type of cerebellar lesion?

A

midline lesion affecting vestibulocerebellum

cm - control (20 decks)

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