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Y3R2 - Forensic ⚠️ > L6: Firearm Injuries > Flashcards

L6: Firearm Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Firearm weapon

A
  • Specialized device designed to propel a projectile (shot/bullet missile) by expansive force of gases generated as a result of combustion of the propellent (gun powder) at its base.
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2
Q

Structure of rifled cartridge

A

Any cartridge consists of a case holding all parts togetber.

-The top has a projectile (bullet)

  • The base has a percussion “primer” cap
  • The space between projectile and percussion cap is filled with a propellant (e.g. gunpowder).
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2
Q

Functions of Rifling

A

The idea of riflings is to force bullet from muzzle in a spiral manner (rotating on its longitudinal axis) to:

  • Diminish resistance of air & gravity to the bullet.
  • Give it longer range of travelling.
  • Give it more power of penetration.
  • Increase stability of the bullet & prevent it from wobbling.
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3
Q

what are Firearm weapons composed of?

A
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4
Q

Classification of Firearm weapons

A
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4
Q

Def of Rifling

A

Riflings mean “longitudinal ridges alternating with grooves, running spirally on inner surface of barrel parallel to each other”.

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5
Q

Characters of Rifling

A
  • Riflings vary in number, direction (either clockwise or anticlockwise), depth and width.
  • Rifling is individual for each weapon
    “ so, no two weapons have the same rifling.
  • Rifling leave on surface of the fired bullet “rifling marks” which are oblique parallel grooves of same number, depth, breadth and direction as the riflings
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6
Q

Composition of the firearm cartridge

A

1) Bullet
2) Case
3) Gunpowder
4) Base
5) Percussion cap.

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6
Q

what is a bullet made of?

A
  • It’s usually made of lead,
  • which may have a jacket made of strong metal (copper or nickel), so named “jacketed bullets”
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7
Q

Shape of bullets

A

It’s conical in shape to ensure least air resistance.

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8
Q

Types of bullets

A
  • Semijacketed
  • Open tip
  • Dumdumised “Dum Dum”
  • Explosive
  • Soft point
  • Hollow point
  • Boat tail
  • Frangible bullets.
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8
Q

Def of Rubber Projectiles

A
  • They are rubber or rubbor-coated projectiles that can be fired from riot guns.
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9
Q

Usage of Rubber Projectiles

A
  • They are used extensively for riot control.
  • They are intended to be a non-lethal altornalive to metal projectiles.
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10
Q

Characters of Rubber Projectiles

A
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11
Q

Pattern of firing of Rubber Projectiles

A
  • It should not be fired at a distance less than 20 meter.
  • Policemen are instructed to fire at lower half of the body, to avoid the more serious injuries arising from hitting head or chest.
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12
Q

Definition of Shots

A
  • These are lead pellets are used in non-rilled weapon, which may be machine-made or home-made shots.
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13
Q

MLI of Shots

A
  • Their presence denotes that the wound is a firearm injury.
  • They give an idea about type of the weapon used.
  • They give an idea about distance of firing (diameter of area of dispersion of shots).
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14
Q

Def of Gun powder

A
  • It lies between the percussion cap and the projectiles (bullets or shots).
  • Its ignition leads to formation of hot gas under pressure.
15
Q

Types of Gun powder

A
  • Gun powder is of 2 types, black powder & smokeless powder.
16
Q

MLI of Gun powder

A
17
Q

The sequence of events on firing a cartridge

A
  • Flash of light
  • Hot explosive gases
  • Flame and smoke
  • Unburnt powder particles
  • Missiles or projectiles
18
Q

Flash of light

A
  • Seen before hearing the sound of explosion.
19
Q

Hot explosive gases

A
  • Come out from the muzzle due to ignition of gun powder.
  • Travel to a distance of 15 cm., so its. effect is apparent in near firing only.
  • They form explosion leading to an inlet which is Lacerated, irregular with everted edges.
20
Q

Flame and smoke

A
  • Flame produces burning of the edges of the inlet and singing of hair around it.
  • Smoke produces blackening of skin around the wound (can be easily washed out with water).
21
Q

Unburnt powder particles

A
  • These particles are embedded in the skin around inlet
  • (so they cannot be washed with water like blackening) producing “Tattooing”, which is more apparent with black powder.
21
Q

The distance of firing of bullets is judged by ….

A
  • Power of its penetration
  • Presence of powder marks.
22
Q

Wads Firearm injury

A
  • They come out of the muzzle, which may be found inside or outside body of victim depending on the distance of firing.
22
Q

Describe firearm injury due to Shots

A
23
Q

Characters of firearm wounds

A
  • Loss of substance
  • Presence of powder marks
  • Presence of two wounds
  • Bevelling
24
Q

Loss of substance firearm wounds

A
  • It is the most important feature of firearm injuries, which differentiates it from all other types of wounds.
  • This loss of tissue is due to great kinetic energy of missiles.
25
Q

Presence of two wounds firearm wounds

A

(Inlet and Exit) unless missile is retained inside the body.

25
Q

Presence of powder marks firearm wounds

A

As blackening, burning and tattooing.

26
Q

Bevelling firearm wounds

A

When the bullet hits a flat bone (e.g., skull, sternum and pelvis),

  • Entry wound is called internal bevelling “Punched -in-hole
  • Exit wound is called external bevelling “Punched-out-hole”.
27
Q

Differences between inlet and exit firearm wounds

A
28
Q

what causes atypical firarm inlet?

A

due to multiple reasons, most commonly atypical inlet is inflicted depending on:

  • Site of the wound (Scalp - Corrugated skin)
  • Distance of firing (Contact - near - far)
29
Q

scalp inlet firaem wound

A
  • Stellate inlet wound, due to back pressure of gases in near firing.
30
Q

inlet firearm wound in corrugated skin

A

Skin of neck, axilla and scrotum,
Inlet is irregular.

31
Q

Classification of inlet wounds according to distance of firing

A
  • Contact inlet
  • Near inlet
  • Far inlet
32
Q

what causes contact inlet?

A

It results when the muzzle of the weapon is pressed against the skin.

33
Q

shape of Contact Inlet Wound

A
  • The wound is circular, unless the missile is fired with the gun at an angle.
  • There is usually a thin band of contusion in the margin of wound (Muzzle imprints)
  • The hair is singed in contused area.
  • The margin of the wound shows burning or even charring by flame causing dehydration and toughening of the margins.
  • A thin rim of abrasion is shown around wound and covered with powder residue.
  • Tattooing is minimal or absent.
34
Q

Shape of Contact Inlet Wound if the gun is held tightly against the skin

A
  • no powder marks is seen on the external surface but they are present within subcutaneous tissue and in bullet tract.
35
Q

shape of Contact Inlet Wound If there is bone immediately under the skin

A
  • gun powder blackening is frequently seen on surface of bone around bullet hole.
36
Q

Characters of Near inlet wound

A
  • Near firing inlet is inflicted when range of firing is less than two meters.
  • It shows all powder marks.
37
Q

Characters of far inlet wounds

A
  • Such wound results when the range of firing is greater than two meters, With absence of all powder marks.

Y3R2 - Forensic ⚠️ (7 decks)

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