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Y3R2 - Forensic ⚠️ > L3: Identification of Living Persons > Flashcards

L3: Identification of Living Persons Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Identification of a living Person

A

It is Recognition of living person through certain features and characters that differentiate him from other persons.

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2
Q

Examples of Identification of a living Person in civil conditions

A
  • Marriage.
  • Inheritance.
  • Immigrants/Passport / license
  • Insurance claim
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3
Q

Examples of Identification of a living Person in criminal conditions

A
  • Persons accused of assault, murder or rape.
  • Interchange of newborn babies in hospitals.
  • In case of people impersonating somebody else to obtain unlawful property.
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4
Q

What should The Medico-Legal Report of a living person include?

A
  • Specific Features
  • Clothes
  • General Features
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Race
  • Social Status
  • Occupation
  • Congenital Malformations and Birth Marks
  • Operations and Scars
  • Tattoo Marks
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4
Q

Specific Features (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A
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5
Q

Clothes (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A
  • Full description of clothes and any articles connected with the person:
  • Contents of the pockets as identity card or a letter & any tears or stains on clothes.
  • Any articles as jewelry or newspaper.
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6
Q

general Features (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A
  • Color of the skin and iris (white, yellow, brown or black).
  • Color, form and distribution of the hair (scalp, eye brows, beard and moustache).
  • Shape of the mouth, nose, ear, eyes and slope of the forehead.
  • Full description of teeth.
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7
Q

Age (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A
  • Bones can be examined by X-rays in living persons
  • Age can be determined from Eruption of teeth, Union of epiphysis & Closure of skull sutures by doing X-ray.
  • As in ages 15, 16, 18 and 21 years
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7
Q

Identification of sex of living person is easy from the following characters ……

A
  • Characteristic clothes.
  • Secondary sex characters
  • Specific sex organs
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8
Q

Identification of living person through secondary sex characters

A

In women:
Developed Breast
Feminine distribution of hair
Distribution of subcutaneous fat.

In men:
Absence of breast tissue
Male distribution of hair
Appropriate physical & muscular development.

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9
Q

Identification of sex through specific sex organs

A
  • External genitalia and reproductive organs.
  • Sometimes errors in development lead to admixture of sex organs and individual is called a hermaphrodite.
  • To confirm sex in these cases, we can do; microscopic examination to seek tissues of ovary or testis.
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10
Q

Def of Sex chromatin test

A
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11
Q

Race can be determined from ….

A
  • Complexion (color of the skin)
  • Hair.
  • Bones and teeth (Negroid skull)
  • General features (Eyes, lips, nose and chin
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11
Q

Occupation (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A
  • Materials like flower, paint, grease and natural stains on clothes or body indicate
  • Callosities may be found on fingers of workers dealing with dye or leather industries.
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11
Q

MLI of Sex chromatin test

A
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11
Q

Types of Races

A
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11
Q

MLI of Race

A
  • Determination of race is a very important in cases traveling by air, railway or sea when fatalities occur simultaneously in persons of different races.
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11
Q

How to identify social status of someone?

A

It is indicated by person’s care for his clothes, hair, teeth, nails and feet.

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11
Q

congenital malformation and bearth marks (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A
  • Such as supernumerary or webbed fingers or toes, hare lip, cleft palate, birth marks as moles.
  • Birth marks are very important for identification of uniovular twins.
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11
Q

Operation and scars (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A
  • Amputation of a limb
  • Removal of appendix or uterus
  • Circumcision, scars

(all is important features for identification)

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11
Q

Tattoo marks (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)

A

Indicating the name, address, religion, birth date, place of person environmental and social background of the person.

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12
Q

In criminal conditions, Identification of living persons depend on …..

A
  • Fingerprints.
  • Poroscopy.
  • Footprints.
  • DNA prints.
  • Other prints.
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13
Q

what is another name for Fingerprints detection?

A

(Dactylography)

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13
Q

Defenition of (Dactylography)

A
  • An impression made by the ball of the fingers.
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14
Q

Principle of (Dactylography)

A
  • is based on that skin of the ball of the fingers & thumb is covered with papillary ridges with pores of sweat glands.
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15
Q

Types of (Dactylography)

A
  • Loop
  • Whorl
  • Arch
  • Composite
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16
Q

Principle of comparison in (Dactylography)

A
  • They are compared for numerous characteristics (more than 12) which occur throughout length of ridges.
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16
Q

Advantages of (Dactylography)

A
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17
Q

Def of Footprints

A
  • An impression which is left by solo of foot, skin pattern of toes & heals.
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18
Q

MLI of Footprints

A
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19
Q

Def of Poroscopy

A
  • It is study of pores of sweat glands which are present on ridges of prints.
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20
Q

Examination of Poroscopy

A
  • They are examined for number, size, shape & arrangement for a given area after enlargment of the photograph
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21
Q

Advantages of Poroscopy

A
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21
Q

Def of DNA Prints

A
  • It is the_most recent method used nowadays for purposes of identification & other medicolegal conditions
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22
Q

MLI of DNA Prints

A
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23
Q

MLI of Age of Full term infant

A
  • Estimation of this age is important in cases of abortion and infanticide
23
Q

MLI of Age of 2 years

A
  • The legal age of end of infancy or weaning period.
  • Execution is postponed if a condemned woman has a child below this age till weaning
24
Q

Detection of Age of 2 years

A
  • Closure of anterior fontanel.
  • Eruption of all milk teeth
24
Q

MLI of Age of 6 years

A
  • Age of starting school education.
24
Q

Detection of Age of 6 years

A
  • Eruption of 1st permanent molar.
  • Union of pubic rami.
25
Q

MLI of Age of 7 years

A

Age of discrimination

  • (below this age the child is unable to discriminate between right and wrong and he is not convicted by the law).
25
Q

Detection of Age of 7 years

A
  • Eruption of permanent central incisor.
26
Q

MLI of Age of 14 years

A

Under this age, child cannot commit crime of rape.

27
Q

MLI of Age of 15 years

A
  • Below this age: Child is tried in front of juvenile court
  • Above this age: He is tried in front of ordinary courts.
  • This is maximum age for divorced women to keep their male or female children.
  • The legal age of getting identity card of both sexes.
28
Q

Detection of Age of 15 years

A
  • Union of both frochlea & capitulum with shaft of humerus (in male).
  • Union of medial epicondyle with the shaft of humerus (in female)
  • union of upper end of radius with the shaft (in female).
29
Q

MLI of Age of 16 years

A

The legal age of getting identity card of both sexes. (Before being changed to 15 recently)

29
Q

Detection of Age of 16 years

A
  • Union of the lesser trochanter of femur with shaft (in male).
  • Union of epiphysis at distal ends of metacarpals. (In females)
  • union of head of the femur with their shafts (in female).
30
Q

MLI of Age of 18 years

A
  • Legal age of marriage for females and males .
  • Legal age for free consent in rape for females.
  • Age of governmental employment.
  • Age of getting driving license.
  • Age of voting in election.
  • Age of first military call.
31
Q

Detetion of Age of 18 years

A
  • Union of epiphysis at distal ends of metacarpal bones with their shafts (in male).
  • Union of lower ends of radius & ulna (in female)
  • union of head of humerus with shaft (in female).
32
Q

Detection of Age of 21 years

A
  • Union of epiphyses of lower end of femur & upper ends of tibia & fibula with their shafts (in male).
  • Union of sternal end of the clavicle with clavicle (in female).
32
Q

what characterizes ages between 15 & 18 years?

A
  • No capital sentence.
  • No imprisonment for life
  • The period of imprisonment should not be > 18 years”.
33
Q

MLI of Age of 21 years

A
  • Age of full civil rights.
  • Age of recruitment for military service (But when the person is still a student, service can be postponed till he reaches 28 years or until graduation)
34
Q

MLI of Age of 40 years

A

Legal age for being a president.

35
Q

MLI of Age of 30 years

A
  • Legal age for being a member of people assembly.
35
Q

MLI of Age of 65 years

A
  • Age of pension in most of the governmental authorities according to new law.
  • Age of pension in Al-Azhar is also 65 years
36
Q

Characters of Temporary/deciduous/milk teeth

A
  • They are small, narrow, and delicate.
  • They are white in color with serrated edges.
36
Q

identification of unknown dead bodies may be needed in cases of……

A
  • In cases of fire, explosion and accidents .
  • When an unknown dead body is found on the road, fields, railway compartment or water.
  • In cases of decomposed body.
37
Q

Number of Temporary/deciduous/milk teeth

A

20 in number:

  • 4 incisors
  • 2 canines
  • 4 molars in each jaw
37
Q

Eruption of Temporary/deciduous/milk teeth

A
37
Q

Number of Permanent teeth

A

32 in number:

  • 4 incisors
  • 4 premolars
  • 2 canines
  • 6 molars in each jaw.
37
Q

Eruption of Permanent teeth

A
38
Q

Intro to detection of age through union of epiphysis

A
  • The bones of the human skeleton develop from separate ossification centers that progress till the bone is completely formed.
  • Ossification begins centrally in an epiphysis and spreads peripherally as it gets bigger.
38
Q

Age of union of Manubrium sternum

A

60y

39
Q

Age of union of xiphisternum

A

40y

40
Q

Age of union of sternal end of clavicle

A

20-25y

41
Q

Age of union of head of humerus

A

20y

42
Q

Age of union of Trochlea and capitulum with each other

A

14y

43
Q

Age of union of trochlea & Capitulum with the shaft

A

15y

44
Q

Age of union of lateral epicondyle

A

16y

45
Q

Age of union of medial epicondyle

A

17y

46
Q

Age of union of upper end of radius

A

17y

47
Q

Age of union of lower end of radius

A

20y

47
Q

Age of union of lower end of ulna

A

20y

48
Q

Age of union of upper end of ulna

A

16y

49
Q

Age of union of metacarpals

A

18y

50
Q

Age of union of ischiopubic rami

A

6y

51
Q

Age of union of triradiate cartilage

A

15y

52
Q

Age of union of ischial tuberosity

A

21y

53
Q

Age of union of iliac crest

A

23y

54
Q

Age of union of lesser trochanter

A

16y

55
Q

Age of union of greater trochanter

A

17y

56
Q

Age of union of head of femur

A

18y

57
Q

Age of union of lower end of femur

A

21y

58
Q

Age of union of upper end of tibia

A

21y

59
Q

Age of union of Lower end of tibia

A

18y

60
Q

Age of union of Upper end of fibula

A

21y

61
Q

Age of union of lower end of fibula

A

18y

62
Q
A

Y3R2 - Forensic ⚠️ (7 decks)

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