L3: Identification of Living Persons Flashcards
1
Q
Def of Identification of a living Person
A
It is Recognition of living person through certain features and characters that differentiate him from other persons.
2
Q
Examples of Identification of a living Person in civil conditions
A
- Marriage.
- Inheritance.
- Immigrants/Passport / license
- Insurance claim
3
Q
Examples of Identification of a living Person in criminal conditions
A
- Persons accused of assault, murder or rape.
- Interchange of newborn babies in hospitals.
- In case of people impersonating somebody else to obtain unlawful property.
4
Q
What should The Medico-Legal Report of a living person include?
A
- Specific Features
- Clothes
- General Features
- Age
- Sex
- Race
- Social Status
- Occupation
- Congenital Malformations and Birth Marks
- Operations and Scars
- Tattoo Marks
4
Q
Specific Features (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
5
Q
Clothes (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
- Full description of clothes and any articles connected with the person:
- Contents of the pockets as identity card or a letter & any tears or stains on clothes.
- Any articles as jewelry or newspaper.
6
Q
general Features (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
- Color of the skin and iris (white, yellow, brown or black).
- Color, form and distribution of the hair (scalp, eye brows, beard and moustache).
- Shape of the mouth, nose, ear, eyes and slope of the forehead.
- Full description of teeth.
7
Q
Age (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
- Bones can be examined by X-rays in living persons
- Age can be determined from Eruption of teeth, Union of epiphysis & Closure of skull sutures by doing X-ray.
- As in ages 15, 16, 18 and 21 years
7
Q
Identification of sex of living person is easy from the following characters ……
A
- Characteristic clothes.
- Secondary sex characters
- Specific sex organs
8
Q
Identification of living person through secondary sex characters
A
In women:
Developed Breast
Feminine distribution of hair
Distribution of subcutaneous fat.
In men:
Absence of breast tissue
Male distribution of hair
Appropriate physical & muscular development.
9
Q
Identification of sex through specific sex organs
A
- External genitalia and reproductive organs.
- Sometimes errors in development lead to admixture of sex organs and individual is called a hermaphrodite.
- To confirm sex in these cases, we can do; microscopic examination to seek tissues of ovary or testis.
10
Q
Def of Sex chromatin test
A
11
Q
Race can be determined from ….
A
- Complexion (color of the skin)
- Hair.
- Bones and teeth (Negroid skull)
- General features (Eyes, lips, nose and chin
11
Q
Occupation (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
- Materials like flower, paint, grease and natural stains on clothes or body indicate
- Callosities may be found on fingers of workers dealing with dye or leather industries.
11
Q
MLI of Sex chromatin test
A
11
Q
Types of Races
A
11
Q
MLI of Race
A
- Determination of race is a very important in cases traveling by air, railway or sea when fatalities occur simultaneously in persons of different races.
11
Q
How to identify social status of someone?
A
It is indicated by person’s care for his clothes, hair, teeth, nails and feet.
11
Q
congenital malformation and bearth marks (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
- Such as supernumerary or webbed fingers or toes, hare lip, cleft palate, birth marks as moles.
- Birth marks are very important for identification of uniovular twins.
11
Q
Operation and scars (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
- Amputation of a limb
- Removal of appendix or uterus
- Circumcision, scars
(all is important features for identification)
11
Q
Tattoo marks (Medico-Legal Report of a living person)
A
Indicating the name, address, religion, birth date, place of person environmental and social background of the person.
12
Q
In criminal conditions, Identification of living persons depend on …..
A
- Fingerprints.
- Poroscopy.
- Footprints.
- DNA prints.
- Other prints.
13
Q
what is another name for Fingerprints detection?
A
(Dactylography)
13
Q
Defenition of (Dactylography)
A
- An impression made by the ball of the fingers.
14
Principle of **(Dactylography)**
- is based on that skin of the ball of the fingers & thumb is covered with papillary ridges with pores of sweat glands.
15
Types of **(Dactylography)**
- Loop
- Whorl
- Arch
- Composite
16
Principle of comparison in **(Dactylography)**
- They are compared for numerous characteristics (more than 12) which occur throughout length of ridges.
16
Advantages of **(Dactylography)**
17
Def of **Footprints**
- An impression which is left by solo of foot, skin pattern of toes & heals.
18
MLI of **Footprints**
19
Def of **Poroscopy**
- It is study of pores of sweat glands which are present on ridges of prints.
20
Examination of **Poroscopy**
- They are examined for number, size, shape & arrangement for a given area after enlargment of the photograph
21
Advantages of **Poroscopy**
21
Def of **DNA Prints**
- It is the_most recent method used nowadays for purposes of identification & other medicolegal conditions
22
MLI of **DNA Prints**
23
MLI of **Age of Full term infant**
- Estimation of this age is important in cases of abortion and infanticide
23
MLI of **Age of 2 years**
- The legal age of end of infancy or weaning period.
- Execution is postponed if a condemned woman has a child below this age till weaning
24
Detection of **Age of 2 years**
- Closure of anterior fontanel.
- Eruption of all milk teeth
24
MLI of **Age of 6 years**
- Age of starting school education.
24
Detection of **Age of 6 years**
- Eruption of 1st permanent molar.
- Union of pubic rami.
25
MLI of **Age of 7 years**
**Age of discrimination**
- (below this age the child is unable to discriminate between right and wrong and he is not convicted by the law).
25
Detection of **Age of 7 years**
- Eruption of permanent central incisor.
26
MLI of **Age of 14 years**
Under this age, child cannot commit crime of rape.
27
MLI of **Age of 15 years**
- Below this age: Child is tried in front of juvenile court
- Above this age: He is tried in front of ordinary courts.
- This is maximum age for divorced women to keep their male or female children.
- The legal age of getting identity card of both sexes.
28
Detection of **Age of 15 years**
- Union of both frochlea & capitulum with shaft of humerus (in male).
- Union of medial epicondyle with the shaft of humerus (in female)
- union of upper end of radius with the shaft (in female).
29
MLI of **Age of 16 years**
The legal age of getting identity card of both sexes. (Before being changed to 15 recently)
29
Detection of **Age of 16 years**
- Union of the lesser trochanter of femur with shaft (in male).
- Union of epiphysis at distal ends of metacarpals. (In females)
- union of head of the femur with their shafts (in female).
30
MLI of **Age of 18 years**
- Legal age of marriage for females and males .
- Legal age for free consent in rape for females.
- Age of governmental employment.
- Age of getting driving license.
- Age of voting in election.
- Age of first military call.
31
Detetion of **Age of 18 years**
- Union of epiphysis at distal ends of metacarpal bones with their shafts (in male).
- Union of lower ends of radius & ulna (in female)
- union of head of humerus with shaft (in female).
32
Detection of **Age of 21 years**
- Union of epiphyses of lower end of femur & upper ends of tibia & fibula with their shafts (in male).
- Union of sternal end of the clavicle with clavicle (in female).
32
what characterizes ages between 15 & 18 years?
- No capital sentence.
- No imprisonment for life
- The period of imprisonment should not be > 18 years".
33
MLI of **Age of 21 years**
- Age of full civil rights.
- Age of recruitment for military service (But when the person is still a student, service can be postponed till he reaches 28 years or until graduation)
34
MLI of **Age of 40 years**
Legal age for being a president.
35
MLI of **Age of 30 years**
- Legal age for being a member of people assembly.
35
MLI of **Age of 65 years**
- Age of pension in most of the governmental authorities according to new law.
- Age of pension in Al-Azhar is also 65 years
36
Characters of **Temporary/deciduous/milk teeth**
- They are small, narrow, and delicate.
- They are white in color with serrated edges.
36
identification of unknown dead bodies may be needed in cases of......
- In cases of fire, explosion and accidents .
- When an unknown dead body is found on the road, fields, railway compartment or water.
- In cases of decomposed body.
37
Number of **Temporary/deciduous/milk teeth**
20 in number:
- 4 incisors
- 2 canines
- 4 molars in each jaw
37
Eruption of Temporary/deciduous/milk teeth
37
Number of **Permanent teeth**
32 in number:
- 4 incisors
- 4 premolars
- 2 canines
- 6 molars in each jaw.
37
Eruption of **Permanent teeth**
38
Intro to detection of age through union of epiphysis
- The bones of the human skeleton develop from separate ossification centers that progress till the bone is completely formed.
- Ossification begins centrally in an epiphysis and spreads peripherally as it gets bigger.
38
Age of union of Manubrium sternum
60y
39
Age of union of xiphisternum
40y
40
Age of union of sternal end of clavicle
20-25y
41
Age of union of head of humerus
20y
42
Age of union of Trochlea and capitulum with each other
14y
43
Age of union of trochlea & Capitulum with the shaft
15y
44
Age of union of lateral epicondyle
16y
45
Age of union of medial epicondyle
17y
46
Age of union of upper end of radius
17y
47
Age of union of lower end of radius
20y
47
Age of union of lower end of ulna
20y
48
Age of union of upper end of ulna
16y
49
Age of union of metacarpals
18y
50
Age of union of ischiopubic rami
6y
51
Age of union of triradiate cartilage
15y
52
Age of union of ischial tuberosity
21y
53
Age of union of iliac crest
23y
54
Age of union of lesser trochanter
16y
55
Age of union of greater trochanter
17y
56
Age of union of head of femur
18y
57
Age of union of lower end of femur
21y
58
Age of union of upper end of tibia
21y
59
Age of union of Lower end of tibia
18y
60
Age of union of Upper end of fibula
21y
61
Age of union of lower end of fibula
18y
62
