L6. Epilepsy

Question 1

3 things which can induce a seizure

Answer 1

head injury
fever
low BG

Question 2

sxs vary on 2 factors

Answer 2

1. site of brain where seizure is

2. areas where seizure moves to

Question 3

3 types of seizure - dependin on site in brain

Answer 3

1. focal onset
2. generalised onset
3. unknown onset

Question 4

4 types of generalised onset

Answer 4

1. myoclonic
2. tonic
3. clonic
4. atonic

Question 5

2 types of seizure - dependent on level of consiousness

Answer 5

1. focal aware

2. focal impaired awareess

Question 6

seizure which strarts in one hemisphere of brain

Answer 6

focal onset

Question 7

seizure which strarts in both hemisphere of brain

Answer 7

generalised onset

Question 8

which seizure - consciousness impaired

Answer 8

focal impaired awareness

Question 9

in terms of all generalised seizures - what level of consoucness do they have

Answer 9

focal impaired awareness

Question 10

which seizure type of preceded by unpleasant taste smell

Answer 10

focal aware

Question 11

which type of seizure results in lip smaking, tearing of clothing

Answer 11

focal impaired aware

Question 12

what can focal seizures develop into if they spread throughout the brian

Answer 12

bilateral tonic-clonic seizures

Question 13

which is the most common type of seizure

Answer 13

tonic clonic

Question 14

3 characteristics of tonic clonic seizures

Answer 14

1. sudden loss of consciousness
2. muscle ridigity
3. jerking of limbs

Question 15

which type of seizure is most common inc hildren

Answer 15

absence

Question 16

what is a myoclonic seizure

Answer 16

brief muscle contractions

Question 17

what is a tonic seizure

Answer 17

muscle contraction/ridigity

Question 18

what is a clonic seizure

Answer 18

rhythmic contractions

Question 19

what is an atonic seizure

Answer 19

drop attacks - muscle relaxation

Question 20

what is SUDEP

Answer 20

sudden unexpected death in epilsepy

Question 21

4 other neurological sxs - differential diagnosis

Answer 21

1. hypoglycaemia
2. syncope
3. psuedoseizures
4. tranient ischaemia attacks

Question 22

type of test to diagnose

Answer 22

EEG

Question 23

2 tests to identigy underlying causes

Answer 23

MRI CT

Question 24

3 non-pharmacological treatments

Answer 24

1. surgery
2. vagus nerve stimulation
3. ketogenic diet

Question 25

when is surgery done?

Answer 25

focal epilsepy

Question 26

example of long established anti-epileptic drug

Answer 26

carbamazepine

Question 27

3 example of newer anti-epileptic drug

Answer 27

Gabapentin
pregabalin
Vigabatrin

Question 28

1st choice of drug for tonic, clonic, absence, myoclonic seizure

Answer 28

sodium valproate

Question 29

1st choice if drug for partial/focal seizyre

Answer 29

lamotrignine

Question 30

drug interaction with AED

Answer 30

hepatic inhibitors

Question 31

can pregnanct women who take AED breastfeed?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

should pregant women taking AED continue with their medication

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

mechanism of action for gabapentin

Answer 33

acts on Ca2+ channels - inhibtis release of NT