L5. schizophrenia + antipsychotics

Question 1

excititary NT

Answer 1

glutamate

Question 2

inhibitory nt

Answer 2

GABA

Question 3

3 positive sxs

Answer 3

disorganised speech
hallucinations
delusions

Question 4

5 negative sxs

Answer 4

emotion 
motivation 
interests 
thought and speech 
pleasure

Question 5

3 cognitive deficiets sxxs

Answer 5

attention
working and verbal memory
executive function

Question 6

what sxs required for schiz diagnosis?

Answer 6

> 2 sxs (1 must be positive)

Question 7

how long must be sxs be present for for diagnosis

Answer 7

> 6m

Question 8

2 risk factors for schzi

Answer 8

1. genetic

2. environmental

Question 9

what do S patients have a higher rate of in terms of genetics

Answer 9

copy number variants

Question 10

6 envirionmental risk factors

Answer 10

1. pregnancy complications
2. paternal age
3. urbanisation
4. traumatic child event
5. migration
6. recreational drug use

Question 11

3 structural brain schanges in S

Answer 11

1, cerebral atrophy

2. enlarged ventricles
3. reduced vol of brain

Question 12

3 functional brain changes in S

Answer 12

1, hypo-frontality

2. reduced blood flow when performing cognitive taks
3. reduced glucose utlisation in frontal regions

Question 13

what does the DA hypothesis suggest causes positive sxs

Answer 13

increase in DA in mesolimbic pathway

Question 14

what does the DA hypothesis suggest causes negative sxs

Answer 14

dysfunction in mesocortical pathway

Question 15

what disorder affects nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 15

parkinsons

Question 16

what is the tubero-infundibular pathway involved in

Answer 16

hormone secretion

Question 17

what does the glutamate hypothesis suggest causes S

Answer 17

hypofunction of NMDA glutamine receptor

Question 18

2 models of S

Answer 18

1. amphetamine

2. PCP

Question 19

2 types of DA receptor

Answer 19

D1 like and D2 like

Question 20

subtypes of D1 like receptor

Answer 20

D1 and D5

Question 21

subtypes of D2 like receptor

Answer 21

D2-D4

Question 22

which DA receptor subtype is most prevalent in the brai

Answer 22

D1

Question 23

what occurs when an agonist binds to D1 like receptor?

Answer 23

stimulatory effect

Question 24

what occurs when an agonist binds to D2 like receptor?

Answer 24

inhibitory effect

Question 25

1st generation antipsychotics

Answer 25

typical AP - neuroleptics

Question 26

2nd generation antipsychotics

Answer 26

atypical AP

Question 27

2 examples of typical antipsychotics

Answer 27

1. haloperidol | 2. chlorpromazine

Question 28

how do typical antipsychotics work?

Answer 28

1. D2 receptor antagonists | 2. reduce DA in mesolimbic pathway

Question 29

which sxs do typical antipsychotics work against? why?

Answer 29

positive - affects mesolimbic pathway

Question 30

how can typical antipsychotics cause parkinsons?

Answer 30

parkinsons is caused by reduced DA in nigrostriatal pathway - these drugs decrease DA

Question 31

3 examples of atypical antipsychotics

Answer 31

1. olanzapine 2. clozapine 3. risperidone

Question 32

what do atypical antipsychotics have a high affinity for?

Answer 32

5-HT receptors

Question 33

what sxs are atypical antipsychotics effective in treating

Answer 33

positive - but work on all

Question 34

atypical antipsychotics are less likely cause what side effect

Answer 34

extra-pyramidal sxs

Question 35

3 side effects of atypical antipsychotics

Answer 35

1. weight gain 2. blood problems 3. increaed glucose

Question 36

what psychosocial treatment is effective against positve sxs

Answer 36

CBT

Question 37

what psychosocial treatment is effective against cognitive sxs

Answer 37

cognitive remediation therapy