L6 Digestive system

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

Digestion is a process where large complex nutrients molecules broken down to simple molecules to be used by organism for feed.

Question 2

Ruminants digestive system speciality

Answer 2

can digest cellulose and lignin
- by eating rapidly, regurgitate and masticating
- have microorganisms living in the rumen to break down cellulose

Question 3

Special digestive organ in ruminants

Answer 3

Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum

Question 4

Explain RUMEN

Answer 4

• large fermentation vat
• Microorganisms break down cellulose and create lost of methane (ruminants need to be able to eructate)
• roughages reduced in size
• 455 kg cow have rumen of 55-60 gallons which hold 25-30 gallons of normal content
• 70kg ewe have rumen of 5-10 gallons which hold 3-5 gallons of normal content
• have 100000 protozoa in 1 gram of fluid
• have 100 mil of bacteria and fungi in 1 gram of fluid

Question 5

What are the functions of microorganisms in the rumen?

Answer 5

• digest roughages to make Volatile Fatty Acids
• make proteins
• make vitamins K&B complex

Question 6

Explain RETICULUM

Answer 6

• function: collect objects that shouldn’t be in the digestive system
• known as honeycomb

Question 7

Explain OMASUM

Answer 7

• remove water from food and absorb fatty acids
• known as many piles or books because full of folded tissues

Question 8

Explain ABOMASUM

Answer 8

• glandular stomach that can secrete digestive juices
• secrete HCl and Pepsin to breaks down food stuff

Question 9

Explain the small intestine and large intestine in ruminants

Answer 9

Small intestines
-enzymatic digestion and absorption
-duodenum/ jejunum/ ileum

Large intestines
-water absorption and waste storage

Question 10

What is ESOPHAGEAL GROOVE

Answer 10

• a muscular structure in the digestive system of ruminants that allows milk to pass directly to the abomasum without going through the rumen and reticulum
• When a calf drinks milk, the suckling reflex and milk protein stimulate the groove to open, allowing milk to pass through

Question 11

What are the primary organs and tissues in energy metabolism in ruminants?

Answer 11

rumen
abomasum
small intestine
liver
blood vessels
mammary gland

Question 12

Monogastric digestive tract

Answer 12

1. Mouth with salivary glands (mechanical chewing and swallowing of food)
2. Esophagus (the delivery tube from the mouth to stomach with a valve to control the opening)
3. Stomach (primary area of reduction in feed particle size)
4. Small intestine (duodenum/ jejunum/ ileum/ split molecules and absorb nutrients)
5. Large intestines (cecum/ colon/ absorb water and form feces)

Question 13

Parts of AVIAN digestive system.

Answer 13

Modified monogastric digestive system
1. beak - gather and tear the feed
2. esophagus
3. crop - feed storage and moistening
4. proventriculus - glandular stomach that secrete HCl and is enzymatic
5. gizzard - muscular stomach for mechanical breakdown
6. small intestine - enzymatic digestion and absorption
7. ceca
8. large intestine - bacterial activity, water absorption and waste storage
9. cloaca - common chamber for GI and urinary tract
10. vent - common exit for GI and urinary tract