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Medical Terminology (ML) > L6 - Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

L6 - Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Combining forms

Sphygm(o)

A

pulse

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2
Q

Combining forms

Ather(o)

A

Yellow plaque or fatty substance

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3
Q

Valves of the heart

Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

A

situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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4
Q

Valves of the heart

Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

A

situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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5
Q

Layers of the heart

The exit (semilunar) valves are the —- and the —-

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve

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6
Q

Heartbeat

The sinus node (SA node)

A

consists of a cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium.

heart’s pacemaker (where electric impulses are generated)

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7
Q

Heartbeat

The atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

situated between the atria and the ventricles.

transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of His.

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8
Q

Heartbeat

Bundle of His

A

located at the top of the interventricular septum and travels down along either side of the septum, transmits impulses to the Purkinje fibers.

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9
Q

Heartbeat

Purkinje fibers

A

peripheral fibers that end in the right and left ventricles, stimulation from the bundle of His causes excitation of the ventricular muscles, results in contraction.

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10
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

The electrical activity of the heart can be visualized and recorded on an electrocardiogram

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11
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

instrument for measuring blood pressure.

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12
Q

Systole

A

contraction phase of the heart, it causes ejection
of blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

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13
Q

Diastole

A

phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.

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14
Q

Pathology/Inflammatory conditions

Endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.

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15
Q

Pathology/Inflammatory conditions

Myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle.

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16
Q

Pathology/Inflammatory conditions

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart.

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17
Q

Pathology

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure.

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18
Q

Pathology

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure.

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19
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries.

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20
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Arteriostenosis

A

narrowing of an artery.

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21
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Cardiorrhexis

A

rupture in the wall of the heart.

22
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Ischemia

A

decrease in blood supply of tissue or organ.

23
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Hemophilia

A

congenital disorder affecting the coagulation process.

24
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Hyperlipidaemia

A

elevated lipids in the blood.

25
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Anemia

A

It is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

26
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Dyscrasia

A

General term for a disorder or a disease especially of a blood.

27
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Arrhythmia

A

It is a condition that is also known as irregular heartbeat.

28
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Angina pectoris

A

chest pain due to ischemia (a choked feeling in the chest).

29
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Myocardial infarction

A

commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

30
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Angiospasm

A

spasm of the muscular wall of a blood vessel.

31
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Angiostenosis

A

narrowing of one or more blood vessels.

32
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heart beat

33
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Aneurysm

A

localized dilation of an artery due to a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall.

34
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Atherosclerosis

A

athero- (yellow plaque or fatty substance, sclero-
(hardening), -osis (abnormal condition of).

35
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Atheroma

A

It means fatty deposit or plaque within the artery wall.

36
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Atrial fibrillation

A

an irregular and often rapid heart rate that occurs when the two upper chambers of the heart experience chaotic electrical signals.

37
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Heart failure

A

inability of the heart to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body tissues’ needs for metabolism.

38
Q

Pathology/medical disorders

Heart failure

symptoms

A

Shortness of breath (dyspnea), fatigue and weakness, swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles and feet, rapid or irregular heartbeat, sometimes cough.

39
Q

Ddiagnosis and treatment procedures

Angiography

A

imaging test that uses X-rays to view body’s blood vessels.

40
Q

Ddiagnosis and treatment procedures

Angiogram

A

The X-rays provided by an angiography, (the print record).

41
Q

Ddiagnosis and treatment procedures

Cardiac catheterization

A

long thin tube called a catheter is inserted in a vein or an artery and guided into the heart.

42
Q

Ddiagnosis and treatment procedures

Cardioversion

A

medical procedure that restores a normal heart rhythm in people with certain types of abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias).

43
Q

Pharmacology

Antianginals

A

drugs that are used to provide relief from symptoms of angina.

44
Q

Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmics

A

medications that prevent and treat abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) to restore the normal rhythm of the heart.

45
Q

Pharmacology

Cardiac glycosides

A

Drugs used to improve heart output by increasing the muscular contraction.

46
Q

Pharmacology

Diuretics

A

drugs that increase urination (urine output) thus decreasing blood pressure and workload of the heart.

47
Q

Pharmacology

Statins

A

drugs that slow down the production of cholesterol in the liver.

48
Q

Surgical terms

Angioscopy

A

It is a medical technique for visualizing the interior of blood vessels.

uses a ** fiberoptic catheter** to view the interior of a blood vessel.

49
Q

Surgical terms

Angioplasty

A

surgical repair of blood vessels.

50
Q

Surgical terms

Valvuloplasty

A

surgical repair of the heart valves.

51
Q

Surgical terms

Endarterectomy

A

surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of deposits.

52
Q

Surgical terms

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

surgery performed to increase blood flow to the heart by taking a blood vessel from another part of the body and attaching it to the coronary artery above and below the narrowed area or blockage.

Medical Terminology (ML) (7 decks)

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