L6

Question 1

Is defined as the collective action taken by society to protect and promote the health of entire populations. It can be defined as the art and science of preventing disease, promoting health and prolonging life through the organized efforts of society.

Answer 1

PUBLIC HEALTH

Question 2

Provides a rigorous set of methods to study disease occurrence in human populations.

Answer 2

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 3

Focuses on disease prevention and cost containment, with health defined as the absence of disease.

Answer 3

NARROW APPROACH

Question 4

defines health as more than the absence of disease. The approach links public health science with policy: the action and structures agreed by society aimed at improving and maintaining health.

Answer 4

BROAD APPROACH

Question 5

Data are collected from several different sources to assess patients’ nutritional needs, because no one parameter directly measures nutrition status, determines nutrition problems, or identifies needs

Answer 5

NUTRITION ASSESSMENT

Question 6

are simple, noninvasive techniques that measure height and weight, head circumference, and skinfold thickness.

Answer 6

ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT

Question 7

Stature ________ is important in evaluating growth and nutrition status in children. In adults, ______ is needed for assessment of weight and body size.

Answer 7

(height/length)

Question 8

most important measurements in assessing nutrition status and is used to predict energy expenditure

Answer 8

weight

Question 9

are recommended to obtain accurate results of one’s weight

Answer 9

Beam scales with movable but nondetachable weights or accurate electronic scales

Question 10

Is an economical and straight forwarded measure that can be used to assess abdominal (visceral) fat content

Answer 10

WAIST MEASUREMENT (WC)

Question 11

Is sometimes used for the patients with Human-immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV-AIDS)

Answer 11

WAIST TO HIP RATIO (WHR)

Question 12

Has higher predicative capacity than either BMI or WC for diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular risks and outcomes in both men and women

Answer 12

WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO (WHtR)

Question 13

proteins found in internal organs and blood rather than in muscle. It is estimated through tests of serum albumin and prealbumin.

Answer 13

Visceral Proteins

Question 14

used to evaluate visceral proteins and immune function, which may reflect nutritional status.

Answer 14

BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT / Biochemical parameters

Question 15

An indirect method of nutritional assessment that involves obtaining information from ecological factors which influences the nutritional status of an individual or community.

Answer 15

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Question 16

Detailed description of all foods, beverages, cooking methods, brand names, condiments, and supplements, along with portion sizes in common household measures are included.

Answer 16

24-Hour Diet Recall

Question 17

Dramatically influence the food choices. Suggest purchasing power of a family.

Answer 17

Income

Question 18

A medium through which socio-economic status is expressed and health determinants operate.

Answer 18

Housing condition

Question 19

Has a large impact on one’s food intake and Nutrition

Answer 19

Employment

Question 20

Accounts for a person’s work experience and economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.

Answer 20

Socio-economic Factors

Question 21

Aspects of human population include size and density, composition, and distribution.

Answer 21

Demography

Question 22

Environmental factors affect opportunities and potential for food production.

Answer 22

Geography and Climate

Question 23

Help achieve high coverage of abroad range health and nutrition services, especially for low resource setting.

Answer 23

Health System and Service Delivery

Question 24

is essential in the understanding the local causes of malnutrition.

Answer 24

Culture

Question 25

Essential to nutrition programs, advocacy, resources and operations.

Answer 25

Political Factors

Question 26

Refers to deficiencies, excess or imbalance in a person's intake or energy and/or nutrients

Answer 26

MALNUTRITION

Question 27

Denotes insufficient intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual needs to maintain good health.

Answer 27

Undernutrition

Question 28

Occurs when an individual has an excessive consumptions of food, far more than from their dietary needs.

Answer 28

Overnutrition

Question 29

It is the result of chronic or recurrent undernutrition, usually associated with poverty, poor maternal health and nutrition, frequent illness, and/or inappropriate feeding and care in the early life.

Answer 29

Stunting

Question 30

It usually occurs when a person has not had food of adequate quality and quantity and/or they have had frequent or prolonged illnesses.

Answer 30

Wasting

Question 31

_________ is any weight computed below the normal BMI. Common medical condition is ________

Answer 31

Underweight anorexia nervosa.

Question 32

is a psychological disorder where by people become underweight due to deliberately limiting food intake.

Answer 32

Anorexia

Question 33

Refers to a deficiency of the essential vitamins and minerals which are needed for physiological function and development. The main micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries are iodine, vitamin A, and iron.

Answer 33

Micronutrient deficiency

Question 34

Characterized by severe wasting. It is a severe manifestation of protein-energy malnutrition. It occurs as a result of total calorie insufficiency. This leads to over loss of adipose tissue and muscle.The child may have a weight-for-height value that is more than 3 standard deviations below the average for age or sex.

Answer 34

MARASMUS

Question 35

Is a severe manifestation of protein-energy malnutrition. It is associated with a poor-quality diet high in carbohydrates but low in protein content such that the child may have a sufficient total energy intake. Severe protein insufficiency leads to characteristic bilateral pitting pedal edema and ascites.

Answer 35

KWASHIORKOR

Question 36

Characterized by severe wasting with edema. Bi-lateral edema and weight-for-height of less than -2SD

Answer 36

MARASMIC-KWASHIORKOR

Question 37

Essential components of high-quality diet and have a profound impact on health.

Answer 37

Micronutrients

Question 38

Often referred to as "hidden hunger" because they develop gradually overtime, their devastating impact not seen until irreversible damages has been done.

Answer 38

Micronutrient deficiency

Question 39

Can lead to brain damage in children, particularly during fetal development and in the first few years of child's life.

Answer 39

IODINE DEFICIENCY

Question 40

Maintains the integrity and normal function of glandular and epithelial tissues which lines intestinal, respiratory, and urinary tracts, as well as skin and eyes.

Answer 40

VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY

Question 41

is an essential mineral that is needed to form hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying protein inside red blood cells.

Answer 41

Iron

Question 42

can lead to several conditions such as anemia, risk of hemorrhage during childbirth that can lead to maternal deaths, vulnerability to infections,learning disabilities, and delayed development.

Answer 42

IRON DEFICIENCY