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C&M - Movement > L5 Vertebral Column > Flashcards

L5 Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Define “Primary Curvature”

A

Refers to thoracic and sacral curvatures, which are the same in adult as they were in foetal life. They are kyphoses (outward curve).

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2
Q

Define “Secondary Curvature”

A

Refers to the cervical and lumbar lordoses (inwards curve). These curvatures develop through childhood but are not present in the foetus.

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3
Q

Excessive kyphosis generally affects which region of the spine?

A

Thoracic

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4
Q

Excessive lordosis generally affects which region of the spine?

A

Lumbar

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5
Q

True or false: Excessive kyphosis is a common consequence of pregnancy.

A

False.

Excessive lordosis (hollow back) is a consequence of pregnancy caused by the increased anterior weight of the foetus.

Excessive kyphosis (hunchback) tends to affect older people.

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6
Q

Which part of a vertebrae forms part of the intervertebral foramen and joins the body of the vertebra to it’s posterior structures?

A

Pedicles

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7
Q

Which type of vertebra is being described:

“Small body with an elevated uncus, transverse foramina found in lateral masses, bifid spinous process.”

a) Cervical
b) Lumbar
c) Sacral
d) Thoracic

A

a) Cervical

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8
Q

Where are transverse foramina found and what is their function?

A

Found in the lateral masses of C1-C6, the transverse foramina form a protected passage for the vertebral arteries and veins travelling to and from the brain.

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9
Q

The vertebral arteries are branches from which main artery?

A

Subclavian

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10
Q

Which vertebra is a ring structure?

A

C1 (Atlas)

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11
Q

The dens is found on which vertebra?

A

C2 (Axis)

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12
Q

Which vertebra articulates with the occiput?

A

C1

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13
Q

True or false: C1 does not have a vertebral body

A

True. C1 (Atlas) is a ring-shaped bone with no vertebral body.

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14
Q

True or false: C1 has a bifid spinous process

A

False: C1 does not have a spinous process. C2 has a bifid spinous process.

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15
Q

The body of C2 is highly modified into an upward projection called __?__.

A

The dens

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16
Q

__1__ articulates with the __2__ of __3__ to make a pivot joint for rotation of the head from side to side.

A

1) The dens
2) anterior arch
3) C1

17
Q

What structure holds the dens in place?

A

The transverse ligament

18
Q

Which type of vertebra is being described:

“Heart shaped vertebral body with superior and inferior costal demifacets, spinous process is long and projects postero-inferiorly”

a) Cervical
b) Lumbar
c) Sacral
d) Thoracic

A

d) Thoracic

19
Q

In which direction to the articular facets face for each of these regions:

a) Cervical
b) Thoracic
c) Lumbar

A

Cervical articular facets:

  • superior directed supero-posteriorly
  • inferior directed infero-anteriorly

Thoracic articular facets:

  • superior directed posteriorly
  • inferior directed anteriorly

Lumbar articular facets:

  • superior directed medially
  • inferior directed laterally
20
Q

The head of the rib articulates with the __1__ demifacet of the corresponding vertebra and the __2__ demifacet of the vertebra __3__.

A

1) superior
2) inferior
3) above

21
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulates with the __1__ facet on the __2__.

A

1) costal

2) transverse process

22
Q

Which type of vertebra is being described:

“Large body. Superior articular facets face medially, inferior articular facets face laterally. Spinous process is short and sturdy”

a) Cervical
b) Lumbar
c) Sacral
d) Thoracic

A

b) Lumbar

23
Q

True or false: A burst fracture of L5 vertebra puts the spinal cord at risk.

A

False.

The spinal does not extend this far down. However, there are spinal nerves of the cauda equina which would be at risk.

24
Q

Which vertebral ligament is damaged in a whiplash injury?

A

Anterior longitudinal

25
Q

True or false: Whiplash injury occurs by hyperextension of the vertebral column

A

True

It isn’t the forward movement, it’s the backwards movement that causes the injury. It is important to have your headrest properly adjusted!

26
Q

Which vertebral ligament binds the lamina of adjacent vertebrae?

A

Ligamentum flavum

27
Q

Which vertebral ligament(s) resist hyperextension?

A

Only the anterior longitudinal ligament. The other resist hyperflexion.

28
Q

Which vertebral ligament spans occipital bone to sacrum?

A

Anterior longitudinal

29
Q

Which vertebral ligament spans C2 to sacrum?

A

Posterior longitudinal

30
Q

What is “annulus fibrosus”?

A

Outer part of the intervertebral disc.

Outer fibrocartilage ring attached to the rim of the vertebral body.

31
Q

What is “nucleus pulposus”?

A

Inner part of the intervertebral disc.

Central gelatinous ‘shock absorber’.

C&M - Movement (5 decks)

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