AfL Flashcards
Question 1: When a patient is asked to protrude their tongue, the doctor notices it deviates to the left.
Which cranial nerve is damaged? (select one)
A) Left glossopharyngeal
B) Right glossopharyngeal
C) Left hypoglossal
D) Right hypoglossal
C) Left hypoglossal
Vascular occlusion of the posterior communicating artery would result in: (select one)
A) lack of blood flow to the lateral surface of the frontal lobe
B) lack of blood flow to the whole of the ipsilateral hemisphere
C) no change in the blood flow to the hemisphere
D) lack of blood flow to the medial surface of the occipital lobe
C) no change in the blood flow to the hemisphere
Question 3: A patient is concerned with their hearing and sometimes fails to recognise familiar tastes. He is also unstable when he gets out of bed. If cranial nerves are responsible for these symptoms, where is the most likely location? (select one)
A) Lateral medulla
B) Medial medulla
C) Lateral pontomedullary junction
D) Medial pontomedullary junction
C) Lateral pontomedullary junction
A 20yo female patient presents to A&E with shoulder pain and deformity after sustaining an injury whilst playing rugby. Her x-ray shows an anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. This injury has the potential to damage a nerve that supplies which of the following muscles?(select all that apply)
A) Deltoid
B) Teres Major
C) Infraspinatus
D) Teres Minor
A) Deltoid
D) Teres Minor
The axillary nerve is commonly injured by anterior shoulder joint dislocation. This can result in paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscles as well as loss of sensation in the skin overlying part of the lateral upper arm.
Massive cellular division and differentiation at the rostral end of the neural tubes leads to development of the: (select one)
A) Cerebral hemispheres
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla
D) Midbrain
A) Cerebral hemispheres
Which statement best describes a dural venous sinus? (select one)
A) Is an important mechanism for providing oxygenated blood to the brain
B) Partitions very specific cerebral sulci
C) Allow venous blood to return to the systemic circulation
D) Allow for cerebrospinal fluid to circulate through the CNS
C) Allow venous blood to return to the systemic circulation
Question 7: A Patient arrives at A&E with a deep laceration above the left eyebrow that appears to have penetrated the skull. Which lobe of the brain is likely to be damaged? (select one)
A) Left frontal
B) Left parietal
C) Left temporal
D) Left occipital
A) Left frontal
As part of his examination, a doctor asks a patient to place his right hand behind his back, with the palm facing posteriorly.
Which of the following are CORRECT? (select all that apply)
A) The examiner is testing the integrity of infraspinatus
B) The patient’s arm is laterally rotated
C) The patient’s arm is medially rotated
D) The muscle being tested arises from the anterior surface of the scapula
C) The patient’s arm is medially rotated
D) The muscle being tested arises from the anterior surface of the scapula
This manouver is testing the subscapularis muscle, which arises from the subscapular fossa and medially rotates and adducts the head of humerus.
Question 9: An extradural haematoma is an accumulation of blood between the dura and: (select one)
A) the skin
B) the skull
C) the arachnoid
D) the pia
B) the skull
The axillary nerve passes through a quadrangular space. This space is bounded: (select all that apply)
A) Laterally by the surgical neck of humerus
B) Medially by the medial head of triceps
C) Inferiorly by teres major
D) Superiorly by subscapularis
E) Superiorly by teres minor
A) Laterally by the surgical neck of humerus
C) Inferiorly by teres major
E) Superiorly by teres minor
…and medially by the long head of triceps brachii
Paralysis of the the trapezius muscle would result from damage to which cranial nerve?
A) IX
B) X
C) XI
D) XII
C) XI
The accessory nerve innervates the trapezius muscle
A 40 year old man presents to his GP with a 12 month history of pain and increasingly limited movement in the right shoulder. On examination the patient can abduct the shoulder but there is weakness when initiating this movement.
Disease of the tendon of which one of the following muscles is most likely to be the cause of this problem?
A) Deltoid
B) Teres major
C) Infraspinatus
D) Supraspinatus
D) Supraspinatus
A patient presents with loss of sensation over their left upper and lower limb. Where is the lesion likely to be located?
A) Gracile tubercle
B) Inferior colliculus
C) Olive
D) Pyramid
A) Gracile tubercle
Question 14: An 82 year old man who lives in a Nursing Home presents to A&E at 06:00, having been found on the floor in his room. There is bruising over the upper left arm. His X-ray shows a fractured surgical neck of humerus
.
The integrity of which spinal nerve (sensory component) must be assessed in which one of the following regions?
A) C4, right over the shoulder joint
B) C4, over the upper lateral arm
C) C5, over the upper lateral arm
D) C5, over the upper anterior arm
C) C5, over the upper lateral arm
Which one of the following functional impairments would you expect to find on examination of the shoulder in a patient who had sustained damage to the axillary nerve?
A) Inability to initiate abduction of the shoulder
B) Weakness when abducting the shoulder beyond 15 degrees
C) Weakness when medially rotating the shoulder
D) Weakness when extending the shoulder
B) Weakness when abducting the shoulder beyond 15 degrees
The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid, which abducts the shoulder beyond 15 degrees. Abduction is initiated by supraspinatus (innervated by suprascapular nerve C5 + C6)
