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C&M - Movement > L2 Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder > Flashcards

L2 Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Which two parts make up the pectoral girdle?

A

Scapula and clavicle

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2
Q

Which structure connects the axial skeleton to the upper limb?

A

Pectoral girdle

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3
Q

The shoulder is an articulation between with two structures?

A

Glenoid cavity of scapula and the head of humerus

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4
Q

Give the innervation and function of trapezius

A

Upper: Elevate scapula
Middle: Retract scapula
Lower: Depress scapula

Upper + lower fibres: Rotate scapula to direct glenoid cavity superiorly

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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5
Q

Give the innervation and function of deltoid

A

Middle: Abduction of shoulder beyond 15 degrees
Anterior: Flexion of shoulder
Posterior: Extension of shoulder

Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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6
Q

Give the innervation and function of the rhomboids

A

Retract and rotate scapula to tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

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7
Q

Give the innervation and function of levator scapulae

A

Elevate scapula and rotate to tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

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8
Q

Give the innervation and function of teres major

A

Medial rotation and adduction of humerus

Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve

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9
Q

Give the innervation and function of latissimus dorsi

A

Medial rotation, extension and adduction of shoulder

Raises body while climbing.

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

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10
Q

Give the innervation and function of serratus anterior

A

Protraction of scapula (reaching out/punching)

Holds scapula to chest wall

Rotation of scapula to tilt glenoid superiorly, allowing raising of arm

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

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11
Q

Give the innervation and function of pectoralis major and minor

A

Major: medial rotation and adduction of humerus
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Minor: Stabilises scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve only

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12
Q

Give the innervation and function of subscapularis

A

Medial rotation and adduction of humerus

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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13
Q

Give the innervation and function of supraspinatus

A

Initiates abduction of shoulder (first 15 degrees)

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

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14
Q

Give the innervation and function of infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

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15
Q

Give the innervation and function of teres minor

A

Lateral rotation and adduction of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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16
Q

Which muscles of the pectoral girdle are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

The axillary nerve (C5-C6) innervates the deltoid muscle and teres minor

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17
Q

Which muscles of the pectoral girdle are medial rotators and adductors of humerus?

A

Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Subscapularis

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18
Q

Which muscles of the pectoral girdle abduct the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
- initiates movement (first 15 degrees)

Deltoid
- abducts beyond 15 degrees

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19
Q

Which muscles of the pectoral girdle laterally rotate the humerus?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

20
Q

What is the origin and insertion of levator scapulae?

A

Origin: Occiput
Insertion: Superior angle of scapula

21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of rhomboid major?

A

Origin: T2-T5 spinous processes
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of rhomboid minor?

A

Origin: C7-T1 spinous processes
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of supraspinatus?

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)

24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of infraspinatus?

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)

25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of teres minor?

A

Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)

26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of subscapularis?

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

27
Q

What is the origin and insertion of teres major?

A

Origin: Lateral border/inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (medial lip)

28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Origin: Iliac crest, thoracic lumbar fascia, lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (floor)

Originates on the posterior side of the body; inserts on the anterior side of the humerus.

29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of deltoid?

A

Origin: Spine of scapula, acromion, anterior side of clavicle (lateral one-third)
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of trapezius?

A

Origin: Occiput, nuchal line, spinous processes of C8-T12
Insertion: Lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of serratus anterior?

A

Origin: Lateral surfaces of ribs 1-9
Insertion: Medial border of scapula (costal surface)

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of pectoralis major?

A

Origin: Medial clavicle, sternum and upper costal cartilages
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (lateral lip)

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor?

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

34
Q

Damage to which nerve results in winged scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve

Damage usually caused by:

  • Penetrating injury to lateral chest
  • Iatrogenic (chest drain insertion, breast surgery)
  • Neuritis
35
Q

Which tendon is most commonly damaged in a rotator cuff injury?

A

Supraspinatus

36
Q

How do you test the function of the four rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus: Abduct arm against resistance

Infraspinatus: Laterally rotate arm against resistance

Teres minor: Laterally rotate arm against resistance

Subscapularis: Place dorsum of hand to mid-lumbar spine, then ask patient to lift hand off back (medial rotation)

37
Q

What structure prevents superior displacement of the humerus?

A

Coracoacromial arch

38
Q

Anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint is usually caused by excessive extension and lateral rotation of the humerus.

Which nerve is commonly injured by anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

39
Q

Which nerve is at risk from a surgical neck of humerus fracture?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

40
Q

What components form the coracoacromial arch?

A

Acromion + coracoid process + coracoacromial ligament

41
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

42
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior trunk (C5 + C6)

Middle trunk (C7)

Inferior trunk (C8 + T1)

43
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus trunks?

A

Each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division

44
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus? Which divisions form each one?

A

Lateral cord (anterior division of superior trunk + anterior division of middle trunk)

Medial cord (anterior division of inferior trunk)

Posterior cord (posterior divisions of all trunks - superior, middle, inferior)

45
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous (C5-C7)

Axillary (C5, C6)

Radial (C5-T1)

Median (C6-T1)

Ulnar (C8, T1)

C&M - Movement (5 decks)

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