L5: The Practice of Policing and Policing the Law Flashcards
What is the most visible component of the Criminal Justice System?
Patrol Officers
What makes patrol officers the most visible?
- there seen on cars, bicycles, horseback, on foot
The Reactive Approach / Incident Based Policing
-incident-based policing
- speed of the response time = best method to catch suspects
- typically officers respond in motor vehicles
Directed Patrol
- orders on how to use patrol time
- certain amount of time in a certain area focusing on certain crime
Proactive Policing
- this approach believes that police spent too much time focusing on how they were organized to do their work instead of focusing on the crime problems they needed to solve
Hot Spots Patrol
- approach where police officers are directed to spend a certain amount of their patrol time in certain locations and to watch for specific crimes
Broken Window Model
- approach suggests that visible signs of disorder ( like a broken window) lead to an increase in crime
-idea that if minor problems are to be left unaddressed, it symbolizes that. no one cares.
Problem Oriented Policing
- The approach was based on the idea that issues considered to be important to the neighbourhood were ignored by the police
- So instead of just responding to incidents the police work to understand the underlying issues
SARA …
-The problem-solving process used in problem-oriented policing
- Scanning
- Analysis
-Response
-Assessment
Community Policing
- a form of policing that was established in hopes of restoring public confidence and trust in the police
- officers work closely with community members to identify issues and provide solutions.
3 aims of Community Policing
- the formation of community partnerships
- organizational change
- problem solving
Zero Tolerance Policing
- where law enforcement is strict. enforces laws against minor offences to prevent more serious crime
- based on the Broken Windows Model
- use traditional law enforcement measures
Predictive Policing
- an approach that uses data to forecast when and where crimes are likely to occur
- The goal is to be proactive rather then reactive
T/F: Arrest can be made with or without a warrant
True.
Important things to note about the proccess of Arrest:
- Police – deciding to conduct an investigation
- Certain legal requirements must be followed:
- Protect from wrongful arrest
- Unreasonable search/seizure
What is protected under Section 8 of the CCRF?
Section 8: Everyone has the right to
be secure against unreasonable
search and seizure
What is “the intrusion of a government representative into an individual’s privacy”
its referred to as SEARCH
What are some typical characteristics of an Interrogation?
*Questioning
*Gather information
*Usually in private
*Videotape – all rules/procedures
followed
What is “…the exercise of control by a government representative over an individual and/or item.”
its referred to as SEIZURE
What is a custodial Interrogation?
- The goal of this specific interrogation is to gather information or confessions related to a crime, which can provide incriminating evidence to the police, to help determine the conviction
What is the main goal of Custodial interrogations?
to obtain confession from the suspect
Name 3 interrogation strategies
- conditioning strategy
- de- emphasizing strategy
- persuasion strategy
What is the conditioning strategy?
involves influencing a suspect’s feelings and choices to encourage them to talk or confess
What is the de emphasizing strategy?
downplays the seriousness of a situation to make a suspect feel more at ease, encouraging them to share information or confess without feeling threatened.
What is the persuasion strategy?
informs suspects that if they
don’t tell their side of the story at
that time, only the victim’s will be
heard during trial
What is a Voluntary Confession? Why does it typically occur?
- when someone voluntarily confesses to a crime
- can be a factor of a false confession
- typically happens when trying to protect others or just out of general fear
What is a coerced complaint confession?
- when the individual admits to a crime they didn’t commit due to intense pressure or just the fact the situation will be over
- typically they believe the outcome will be better after confession
What is coerced internalized false confessions?
when a person, under extreme pressure or manipulation from law enforcement, comes to believe they actually committed a crime they did not commit, leading them to confess falsely out of confusion or stress.
What are Jail house interrogations?
- interrogations that take place in a jail or prison setting
- goal is to obtain confessions or info on criminal activity
What is Police Misconduct?
- when a police officer behaves inappropriately or illegally while on duty
Example of police misconduct and what it can lead to?
- examples include the use of excessive force, making false arrests, infringing on people’s rights
- leads to unfair treatment of individuals and undermines public trust
What are the 3 categories of Police Misconduct?
- Occupational Deviancy
- Abuse of Authority
3.Selective enforcement of Laws
What is Occupational Deviancy?
refers to unethical or illegal actions by police officers that violate professional standards
What is Abuse of Authority ?
occurs when officers misuse their power to intimidate, coerce, or manipulate individuals, often resulting in unfair treatment, excessive force, or violations of rights.
What is Selective Enforcement?
when enforcement officers choosing to enforce laws more strictly against certain individuals or groups while ignoring others, often based on bias or discrimination,
What is considered a “rotten apple”?
- an individual officer whose unethical behaviour is seen as an isolated case
- suggest the issue only lies with that specific officer rather then a broader issue throughout a whole department
Pervasive but unorganized misconduct vs Pervasive and organized:
- Pervasive but unorganized misconduct refers to widespread individual unethical behaviour among police officers without a coordinated effort
- Pervasive and organized misconduct involves systematic, coordinated unethical practices within a police department.
T/F Most Police departments suffer from persuasive and organized misconduct
True. Most is systematic
