L5: The Practice of Policing and Policing the Law

Question 1

What is the most visible component of the Criminal Justice System?

Answer 1

Patrol Officers

Question 2

What makes patrol officers the most visible?

Answer 2

• there seen on cars, bicycles, horseback, on foot

Question 3

The Reactive Approach / Incident Based Policing

Answer 3

-incident-based policing
- speed of the response time = best method to catch suspects
- typically officers respond in motor vehicles

Question 4

Directed Patrol

Answer 4

• orders on how to use patrol time
• certain amount of time in a certain area focusing on certain crime

Question 5

Proactive Policing

Answer 5

• this approach believes that police spent too much time focusing on how they were organized to do their work instead of focusing on the crime problems they needed to solve

Question 6

Hot Spots Patrol

Answer 6

• approach where police officers are directed to spend a certain amount of their patrol time in certain locations and to watch for specific crimes

Question 7

Broken Window Model

Answer 7

• approach suggests that visible signs of disorder ( like a broken window) lead to an increase in crime
  -idea that if minor problems are to be left unaddressed, it symbolizes that. no one cares.

Question 8

Problem Oriented Policing

Answer 8

• The approach was based on the idea that issues considered to be important to the neighbourhood were ignored by the police
• So instead of just responding to incidents the police work to understand the underlying issues

Question 9

SARA …

Answer 9

-The problem-solving process used in problem-oriented policing
- Scanning
- Analysis
-Response
-Assessment

Question 10

Community Policing

Answer 10

• a form of policing that was established in hopes of restoring public confidence and trust in the police
• officers work closely with community members to identify issues and provide solutions.

Question 11

3 aims of Community Policing

Answer 11

1. the formation of community partnerships
2. organizational change
3. problem solving

Question 12

Zero Tolerance Policing

Answer 12

• where law enforcement is strict. enforces laws against minor offences to prevent more serious crime
• based on the Broken Windows Model
• use traditional law enforcement measures

Question 13

Predictive Policing

Answer 13

• an approach that uses data to forecast when and where crimes are likely to occur
• The goal is to be proactive rather then reactive

Question 14

T/F: Arrest can be made with or without a warrant

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

Important things to note about the proccess of Arrest:

Answer 15

• Police – deciding to conduct an investigation
• Certain legal requirements must be followed:
• Protect from wrongful arrest
• Unreasonable search/seizure

Question 16

What is protected under Section 8 of the CCRF?

Answer 16

Section 8: Everyone has the right to
be secure against unreasonable
search and seizure

Question 17

What is “the intrusion of a government representative into an individual’s privacy”

Answer 17

its referred to as SEARCH

Question 18

What are some typical characteristics of an Interrogation?

Answer 18

*Questioning
*Gather information
*Usually in private
*Videotape – all rules/procedures
followed

Question 18

What is “…the exercise of control by a government representative over an individual and/or item.”

Answer 18

its referred to as SEIZURE

Question 19

What is a custodial Interrogation?

Answer 19

• The goal of this specific interrogation is to gather information or confessions related to a crime, which can provide incriminating evidence to the police, to help determine the conviction

Question 20

What is the main goal of Custodial interrogations?

Answer 20

to obtain confession from the suspect

Question 21

Name 3 interrogation strategies

Answer 21

1. conditioning strategy
2. de- emphasizing strategy
3. persuasion strategy

Question 22

What is the conditioning strategy?

Answer 22

involves influencing a suspect’s feelings and choices to encourage them to talk or confess

Question 23

What is the de emphasizing strategy?

Answer 23

downplays the seriousness of a situation to make a suspect feel more at ease, encouraging them to share information or confess without feeling threatened.

Question 24

What is the persuasion strategy?

Answer 24

informs suspects that if they
don’t tell their side of the story at
that time, only the victim’s will be
heard during trial

Question 25

What is a Voluntary Confession? Why does it typically occur?

Answer 25

• when someone voluntarily confesses to a crime
• can be a factor of a false confession
• typically happens when trying to protect others or just out of general fear

Question 26

What is a coerced complaint confession?

Answer 26

• when the individual admits to a crime they didn’t commit due to intense pressure or just the fact the situation will be over
• typically they believe the outcome will be better after confession

Question 27

What is coerced internalized false confessions?

Answer 27

when a person, under extreme pressure or manipulation from law enforcement, comes to believe they actually committed a crime they did not commit, leading them to confess falsely out of confusion or stress.

Question 28

What are Jail house interrogations?

Answer 28

• interrogations that take place in a jail or prison setting
• goal is to obtain confessions or info on criminal activity

Question 29

What is Police Misconduct?

Answer 29

• when a police officer behaves inappropriately or illegally while on duty

Question 30

Example of police misconduct and what it can lead to?

Answer 30

• examples include the use of excessive force, making false arrests, infringing on people’s rights
• leads to unfair treatment of individuals and undermines public trust

Question 31

What are the 3 categories of Police Misconduct?

Answer 31

1. Occupational Deviancy
2. Abuse of Authority
   3.Selective enforcement of Laws

Question 32

What is Occupational Deviancy?

Answer 32

refers to unethical or illegal actions by police officers that violate professional standards

Question 33

What is Abuse of Authority ?

Answer 33

occurs when officers misuse their power to intimidate, coerce, or manipulate individuals, often resulting in unfair treatment, excessive force, or violations of rights.

Question 34

What is Selective Enforcement?

Answer 34

when enforcement officers choosing to enforce laws more strictly against certain individuals or groups while ignoring others, often based on bias or discrimination,

Question 35

What is considered a “rotten apple”?

Answer 35

• an individual officer whose unethical behaviour is seen as an isolated case
• suggest the issue only lies with that specific officer rather then a broader issue throughout a whole department

Question 36

Pervasive but unorganized misconduct vs Pervasive and organized:

Answer 36

• Pervasive but unorganized misconduct refers to widespread individual unethical behaviour among police officers without a coordinated effort
• Pervasive and organized misconduct involves systematic, coordinated unethical practices within a police department.

Question 37

T/F Most Police departments suffer from persuasive and organized misconduct

Answer 37

True. Most is systematic