L5 - Prejudice and Stereotypes Flashcards
What is a schema ?
Organisation of features around a central representation
Cognitive representation of thoughts and ideas providing a framework
What are stereotypes ?
Underlying cognitive structures that shape our judgments and perceptions
Impressions of other people dominated by central characteristics
What are cognitive stereotypes ?
To save energy - simplify how we think
Make predictions - use categories to make inferences
What are motivational stereotypes ?
Maintain self esteem - social identity and self concept, comparisons with less competent others
Associate others as bad and us as good
What are illusory correlations ?
A relationship where there is none or an exaggeration
Based on schemas
Assume they are connected but they are not
What is the rule of succession ?
It is based on previous occurrences with the people
What is the Gestalt model ?
Assuming that all parts are inseparable
Central traits - attended to because they agree with schema
Peripheral traits - not attended to because they clash
First impressions count
What is the algebraic model ?
Averages the information that is received
Additive model
What is the configural model ?q
Certain elements dominate and can influence interpretation of others
Can result in cognitive dissonance
We drive for unified impressions
What is the Princeton Trilogy ?
Assign traits to members of ethnic and national groups
High consensus in stereotype attribution
Favourable to own group and negative to other groups
However, negative stereotypes have faded over the years but cannot say for certain
What are implicit associations ?
Implicit bias is a universal feature of social cognition
Show preferences for in groups
What is the implicit associations test ?
68% participants implicit preference for white race
Stronger effect sizes than self report measures
Have real world application especially within the private sector
Academics will collab with those who are the same as them
What is Devine’s first study about stereotype processes ?
No difference between high and low prejudice participants
What is Devine’s second study about stereotype processes ?
Subconscious priming of black stereotypes
Interpretation of ambiguous behaviour
Rated as more hostile after priming
What is Devine’s third study about stereotype processes ?
List thoughts about black people under anonymous conditions
High prejudice - negative traits
Low prejudice - emphasised equality
Everyone hold prejudice
Schema is activated dependant on what you are trying to achieve
