L3 - Social Cognition and Perception Flashcards
What is social cognition
How attitudes, representations, judgments , expectations influence our beliefs, intentions and behaviour
Assumes a rational, reasoned decision maker
Understanding how people construct own social world
Compromises a set of cognitive structures and processes that affect and are affected by social context
What is categorisation ?
People devise short cut strategies to simplify nature of incoming information
A way of simplifying perceptions
Grouping of objects
Rule based approach
Prototypical approach - members share something in common
Exemplar approach - quintessential category members
Associative networks - network of linked attributes activated through spreading activation
What is a schema ?
Cognitive representation
Mental heuristics make thinking easy
Generalise in time and space about objects characteristics and properties - dependant on an individual
Influence information processing
Implicitly activated and affect judgement
Guide how we encode and remember and respond
What is entrepreneurship alertness schemata ?
Scanning and search - persistent in investigating new ideas
Association and connection - processing information in creative ways to make extensions in logic
Evaluation and judgement - new information that is relevant to the individuals interests
Breadth of cross cultural experience
Depth of cross cultural experience
What is the structural equation model ?
Breadth and depth of cross cultural experience
Goes onto Entrepreneurial alertness schemata
Goes onto entrepreneurial intensions
What are cognitive misers ?
Social perception as a problem solving task
Laziness
Rely on heuristic for decision making
Process salient information
What are heuristics ?
The availability of information - instances that are brough to mind
Representativeness - is a person an example of a schema
Anchoring and adjustment - using information about initial schema
What are causal attributions ?
The Naïve Scientist - common sense theories
Inferring causes from observable behaviour - predict and control environment
Dispositions (internal) - stable e.g. personality
Situations (external) - changeable e.g. weather
What is the covariation model ?
Most influential model of attribution
Distinctiveness - does this person behave this way in other situations
Consistency - does this person regularly behave this way
Consensus - do other people behave this way
Multiple observations needed, tendency to under use consensus, false consensus bias, time and motivation ?
What are attribution biases ?
Fundamental attribution error - Salience of actor, differential forgetting over time, like to believe we have control
Actor observer bias - tendency to make dispositional attributions for others and situational attributions for ourselves
What is attribution, blame and forgiveness ?
Differences in attribution of victims
Victims - see transgression as intentional
Perspective taking - victims asked to take the perspective of the transgressor reduce effects
Self serving bias
Ethnocentrism - group serving bias
What is public perception ?
Measure of public feelings that don’t necessarily correspond to reality
Public deficit model
Upstream engagement
Risk perceptions
Affect heuristic
Public deficit model
Examined empirically
What is the public deficit model ?
Knowledge correlates positively with general attitudes moderately
Different pattern within specific areas - factor analysis on attitudes towards different research areas
Significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes
How should you write for a public audience ?
Do not use jargon
Would a non-specialist understand ?
Theorized processes in clear terms
Do not assume previous knowledge
How do you process psychological distance ?
Evolution human capacity for abstract mental representation
Guide predictions
Planning for near and distant situations
Word stroop task
Irrelevant stimuli can slow or speed responses
