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1c. Tissues > L5: Connective Tissues > Flashcards

L5: Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main tissue types?

A
  • Epithelial;
  • Connective;
  • Muscle;
  • Nervous.
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2
Q

What is the function of connective tissues?

A

To provide structural and functional support

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3
Q

Give three examples of connective tissues.

A
  • Bone (structural integrity);
  • Cartilage (protect joints, structural integrity);
  • Tendons and ligaments (connect muscle to bone, protect joints);
  • Adipose (energy storage);
  • Mesentery (connects intestine to abdomen);
  • Layer under skin and around organs (support).
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4
Q

Give an example of a connective tissue that provides structural integrity.

A

Bone

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5
Q

What features define connective tissues?

A
  • The extracellular matrix (ECM): ground substance and fibres;
  • Cells.
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6
Q

What is the general structure of connective tissues?

A

Cells separated by ECM

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7
Q

What is the function of the ECM of connective tissues?

A

To provide structural and biochemical support for cells

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8
Q

What are the two major components of ECM?

A
  • Ground substance;

- Fibres.

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9
Q

Which component of the ECM provides biochemical support?

A

Ground substance

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10
Q

Describe the general appearance and composition of ground substance.

A

Clear, semi-solid gel composed of glycoproteins and complex carbohydrates (such as hyaluronic acid)

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11
Q

Other than biochemical support, what are the other roles of ground substance?

A
  • Provide water-binding ability;
  • Provide tissue volume;
  • Support intercellular exchange.
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12
Q

Which component of the ECM provides structural support and tensile strength?

A

Fibres

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13
Q

What are the two main types of fibres within connective tissues?

A
  • Collagen - tensile strength;

- Elastin - stretch and recoil ability.

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14
Q

What type of fibre is most abundant in connective tissues?

A

Collagen

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15
Q

What component of connective tissues secretes collagen in to the ECM?

A

Collagen is secreted from connective tissue cells

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16
Q

What type of collagen is found in fibrous tissues? Such as the dermis of the skin, tendons, ligaments and bone

A

Type I

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17
Q

What type if collagen is present in hyaline cartilage?

A

Type II

18
Q

Whereis type III collagen typically present?

A

Highly cellular organs such as the liver

19
Q

What component of connective tissues secretes elastin in to the ECM?

A

Fibroblasts

20
Q

Provide two examples of where elastin is found in large amounts.

A
  • Skin;
  • Lungs;
  • Vessels;
  • Bladder.
21
Q

What are the three major types of cells found in connective tissues?

A
  • xblasts;
  • xcytes;
  • xclasts.
22
Q

What do xblasts do?

A

Synthesise ECM (bing bang/blast)

23
Q

What do xcytes do?

A

Maintain ECM (site/cyte maintenance)

24
Q

What do xclasts do?

A

Breakdown ECM

25
Q

What are the functions of odontoblasts, adipocytes and osteoclasts?

A
  • Synthesise dentin in teeth;
  • Maintain ECM in adipose tissue;
  • Recycle (breakdown) ECM in bone.
26
Q

What is the most common connective tissue cell type and what are their function?

A

Fibroblasts - Secrete fibres and components of ground substance

27
Q

Which type of connective tissue cell secretes and maintains cartilage within the ECM?

A

Chondroblasts

28
Q

What do osteoblasts and osteocytes do?

A

Secrete and maintains mineralised ECM in bone

29
Q

What is the significant difference between epithelial and connective tissues?

A

Connective tissues are highly vascularised (contain blood vessels and lymphatics- immune cells)

30
Q

What type of connective tissue is not vascularised?

A

Cartilage

31
Q

What are the two types of ‘connective tissue proper’ and what determines their type?

A
  • Loose and dense;
  • Loose, mostly ground substance;
  • Dense, mostly fibres/proteins.
32
Q

What type of connective tissue is areolar tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue, ‘universal packing material’

33
Q

What are the major functions of adipose tissue (loose CT)?

A
  • Energy storage;
  • Shock absorption;
  • Insulation.
34
Q

What is the general structure of reticular tissue (loose CT)?

A

Branched network of type III collagen, provides internal structure to highly cellular organs e.g. liver, lymph nodes

35
Q

What is the difference between regular and irregular dense connective tissues?

A
  • Regular: closely packed collagen fibres running in the same direction;
  • Irregular: closely packed, interwoven fibres running in different directions.
36
Q

Provide an example of a regular and irregular dense connective tissue.

A
  • Regular: Tendons/ ligaments;

- Irregular: Dermis of skin and protective capsules or organs.

37
Q

What type of connective tissue has ideal elastic properties?

A
  • Elastic;
  • Dense, regular CT;
  • Dominated by elastic fibres;
  • Lungs, arteries, skin.
38
Q

What component of connective tissue does scurvy, caused by vitamin C deficiency, target?

A

Collagen, defective formation

39
Q

What type of disease is systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and what tissues does it target?

A
  • Autoimmune;

- Skin, bones, tendons, kidneys.

40
Q

What type of disease is Sjogren’s and what tissues does it target?

A
  • Autoimmune;

- Glands (tears and saliva).

1c. Tissues (6 decks)

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