L16: Nervous Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of nervous tissue?
A
Carries information throughout the body via electrical impulses
2
Q
What is an example of nervous tissue?
A
Nerves
3
Q
Describe the general structure of a neurone
A
- Dendrites;
- Large cells body;
- Single axon (vary in length and diameter);
- Terminal bronchus;
- Capable of excitability.
4
Q
How are neurones specialised to perform their functions?
A
- Highly branched dendrites from cell body, propagate electrical signals to cell body and form synapses;
- Large cell body with large nucleus/ nucleolus for information processing and high metabolic rate;
- Nissl bodies, RER for proteinsynthesis;
- Lots of mitochondria for energy production;
- Axon terminals (boutons) pass outputs to effector cells.
5
Q
What organelle lacks in nerve cells meaning that they are unable to repair?
A
Centrioles
6
Q
What glial cells are found in the CNS?
A
- Astrocytes;
- Epedymal cells;
- Oligodendrocytes.
7
Q
What is the function of astrocytes?
A
- Star-shaped cell;
- Most common support cell;
- Form blood-brain barrier
- Regulate chemicals and metabolites from blood to CNS.
8
Q
What is the function of ependymal cells?
A
- Ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium;
- Lines fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) in brain and spinal cord;
- Moves fluid;
- No basement membrane.
9
Q
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
A
- Form myelin sheath around CNS axons;
- Structural and metabolic support.
10
Q
What glial cells are found in the PNS?
A
- Schwann cells;
- Satellite cells.
11
Q
What is the function of Schwann cells?
A
- Form myelin sheath around larger axons;
- Non-myelinated/ small axons are enveloped within the cytoplasm;
- Structural and metabolic support.
12
Q
Which part of the nervous system contains myelinated neurones only?
A
CNS
