L5 Bullying Flashcards
How is bullying defined?
Double IR model
- Imbalance of power
- Intentional
- Repeated over time
It is intended to cause harm and happens multiple times and cannot defend themself
What forms can bullying take?
Direct-physical (kicking, hitting, pushing)
Direct-verbal (name calling, taunting, mocking)
Indirect-relational (excluding, gossiping)
Cyber bullying
What is the prevalence of bullying?
Verbal and relational forms occur most often
Verbal is twice as common as physical
Relational is more common among girls
Physical is more common among boys
What is cyberbullying?
Electronic communication
24 hour access
Can be faceless
Permanent
Happens quickly and spreads fast
Intend to harm others through tech communication
In 2015 it was the least common type of bullying but now much more
What are the psychological theories of bullying?
Personality (cognitive deficits and lack of empathy)
Ecological system theory
What is the cognitive dimension of bullying?
Those doing the bullying are deficient in understanding others’ mental states
Those being bullied may become numb to social cues and may show a negative social processing style
What is the victimisation theory?
A child being hit in the back by a football - is it an accident, intentional or personal
How does theory of mind link to bullying?
Develops around 3yrs when real is separate to imagined
Evidence of ToM deficits in some cases
Some ToM investigations indicate bullied may have greater socio-cognitive reasoning skills
What is Crick and Dodge 1994 theory of social information processing around stimulus and response?
Encoding and interpretation
Goal selection, constructing responses
Negative thinking style affects attributions and leads to repeated victimisation
What is the ecological perspective of familial modelling?
Behaviour is shaped through social modelling like Bandurda Bobo doll
We learn from home environment
If you are raised in a home where violence is okay then you will probably adopt that behaviour
How does peer culture influence bullying?
Homophily - choices of identifying with chosen groups which nests as a self concept
Attraction theory - is it cool be tough, bullied can be popular
Dominance theory - certain groups of higher status, social stratification
What is social dominance theory?
Bullying is a social phenomenon which is impacted by individual and group social processes
- Social goals of individuals
- Social competence and perceptions
- Group behaviour
Social environment
What are the stats for peer culture?
Peers were involved in 85% of playground bullying
54% peers time were spent reinforcing bullying
21% of peers time was spent actively supporting bullies
25% of peers time was spent intervening on behalf of victims
What are the roles in bullying?
Bullying
Assistant - assists the bully
Reinforcer - not actively attack but provides positive feedback to the bully
Defender - shows anti-bullying behaviour, comfort the victim and taking sides
Outsider - stays away without taking sides
Victim
What are the types of responses to bullying?
Aggressive - escalates the problem
Passive unconstructive - ignores the behaviour but meets the bully’s demands (not know its bullying)
Passive constructive - exiting quickly from a bullying situation and seeking support
Assertive - calmy refuse to comply with bully demands and fails to reinforce bullying behaviour
