L5- Arctic Challenge Flashcards

1
Q

What has happened to the gas and oil fields by the end of the 20th Century?

A

By the end of the 20th Century many of the most accessible oil and gas fields had already been discovered and exploited.

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2
Q

What is the population of the people living in the Arctic?

A

4 million people

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3
Q

State two disadvantages of exploiting oil and gas in the Arctic.

A

1) Severe/ harsh climate conditions
2) Remote Location

It’s severe climate and remote location makes it a challenging location for exploiting oil and gas reserves.

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4
Q

Developments of oil and gas fields have huge environmental impacts in the Arctic. State two groups that are at a disadvantage because of these developments.

A

1) The Gwich’in who live within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, close to the Point Thompson development.
2) The Caribou (reindeer) population

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5
Q

What was the Exxon Valdez tanker and when did it happen?

A

Exxon Valdez tanker was the most newsworthy spillage as it was an oil disaster that happened in Southern Alaska in 1989, which posed a huge threat to wildlife in the region.

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6
Q

What is Point Thompson?

A

It is a facility that aims to produce 10,000 barrels of gas a day, much of which will be exported to Asia, increasing American export earnings.
It is located in an isolated area of Alaska’s northern coastline by oil company Exxon.

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7
Q

What is the one advantage of exploiting gas in Alaska than in the UK?

A

Oil reserves in Alaska are four times bigger than the UK’s reserves. They are estimated at 35 billion cubic feet of gas, which means that there is more supply.

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8
Q

What are the 3 main Economic benefits related to this oil and gas exploitation project?

A

1) More employment - up to 800 jobs will be created.
2) 25% of the revenue will go directly to the state of Alaska (the money can then be spent on people living in the region)
3) The cost of the project is only $4bn, whereas the value of the revenue is estimated at $45bn.

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9
Q

Why is the Arctic a fragile ecosystem?

A

The ecosystem can be easily damaged and it would take a long time to recover.

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10
Q

State one disadvantage within simple food webs in the Arctic.

A

Damage to one organism has significant consequences for other species.

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