L3 - Emerging Trends

Question 1

Describe the inequalities in the consumption of oil

Answer 1

High consumption in ‘western’ developed nations and low consumption in poorer developing nations

Question 2

Outline why demand for oil is increasing in emerging economies

Answer 2

Increasing wealth/income and rise of middle class earners means more demand for products such as cars/ white goods / air conditioning so higher consumption

Question 3

Explain why rising GDP per capita leads to changes in consumption of energy

Answer 3

Increase in disposable income means higher demand for products (e.g. cars / phones etc.) which require oil to make/fuel (higher consumption).

Question 4

Explain why rapid industrialisation leads to changes in consumption of energy

Answer 4

Change in economic sectors and increase in manufacturing output requires large amounts of energy - for production in factories and transport/shipping

Question 5

Explain why emerging countries are seeing the greatest rises in energy consumption

Answer 5

Emerging economies are rapidly industrializing with TNCs/FDI offering greater access to employment and thus higher incomes (increases consumption)

Question 6

Explain the role of smartphone technology in changes to consumption of energy

Answer 6

More products (plastic) means higher consumption, but more people working from home means lower transport consumption

Question 7

How may Indonesia’s relationship with China cause a change in oil price

Answer 7

Conflict over Spratly Islands in S/China Sea may lower supply of oil and increase its price

Question 8

Why may Indonesia be classed as energy insecure

Answer 8

Production peaked in 1970s and is falling - and demand is rapidly increasing - reliance on unreliable foreign imports