Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Med Neuroscience > L.5 > Flashcards

L.5 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the ventricular system

A
  • 2 lateral ventricles
  • the 3rd ventricle
  • the 4th ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located

A

cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 main structures of lateral structures

A
  • anterior horn
  • posterior horn
  • inferior horn
  • body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the septum pellucidum

A

separates lateral ventricles from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of corpus callosum

A

forms rood of ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the caudate nucleus located

A

forms the lateral wall of the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the hippocampus located

A

lies on floor of the inferior horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the foramen of monro

A

communication between lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the third ventricle located

A

it is in between the thalamus and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the cerebral aqueduct

A

it connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located

A

between the pons/medulla and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the 4th ventricle

A

it is continuous with the central canal of spinal cord and allows CSF to flow down to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 2 structures part of 4th ventricle

A
  • foramina of Luschka
  • foramen of Magendie
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the foramina of Luschka

A

2 lateral openings that allow CSF to exit into the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the foramen of Magendie

A

a single midline opening that allow CSF to flow into the subarachnoid space (cisterna magna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are these foramina important

A
  • they maintain the flow of CSF
  • they prevent a buildup of CSF in the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of the CSF

A
  • cushions brain against trauma
  • removal metabolites (metabolic waste) from CNS
  • transport NTs and chemicals
  • stable ionic environment for neuronal function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the choroid plexus located

A

they are located in each ventricle of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the function of choroid plexus

A

produces CSF

20
Q

How is CSF produced

A

choroid plexus filters blood from internal carotid and basilar arteries to produce CSF

21
Q

What is the structure of the choroid plexus

A

it has fenestrated capillaries surrounded by cuboidal epithelium for blood filtration

22
Q

What is the blood CSF barrier

A
  • tight junctions between epithelial cells
  • prevent macromolecules from CSF
  • permeable to water and CO2
23
Q

What are the features of cuboidal epithelium

A
  • microvilli = increase SA
  • bidirectional transport
  • specialised ependymal
  • active transport or facilitated diffusion
24
Q

Why is a stable ionic environment important for CSF

A

good for neuronal function

25
Q

Outline the CSF circulation

A
  1. lateral ventricles –> interventricular foramen –> 3rd ventricle
  2. 3rd ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct –> 4th ventricle
  3. 4th ventricle –> Luschka and Magendie foramina –> subarachnoid space (cisterna magna)
26
Q

Where does the CSF flow from and into

A

CSF flows from ventricles to the subarachnoid space

27
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space located

A

located between the pia and arachnoid mater

28
Q

What is the function of the subarachnoid space

A

transfer electrolytes into brain and removal of metabolites

29
Q

What are arachnoid granulations

A

herniations of arachnoid membrane that allow CSF to drain from subarachnoid space into the venous sinuses

30
Q

What is the function of arachnoid granulations

A

removal of excess CSF and metabolites

31
Q

What happens if CSF pressure > venous pressure

A
  1. arachnoid granulation open
  2. allows CSF to flow into venous sinuses
  3. prevents blood pooling in subarachnoid space
32
Q

What happens if venous pressure > CSF pressure

A
  1. arachnoid granulations close off
  2. stops CSF from flowing into the venous system
  3. prevents loss of too much CSF and maintains balance
33
Q

What is the normal colour of CSF

A

clear

34
Q

What does a yellow/pink colour of CSF mean

A

bleed into subarachnoid space (subarachnoid haemorrhage)

35
Q

What does cloudy CSF mean

A

infection: cells and protein within CSF

36
Q

Why is lumbar puncture performed at lower level in children

A

the spinal cord ends lower in children due to ongoing skeletal growth

37
Q

At which vertebral levels is a lumbar puncture usually performed

A

L4/L5

38
Q

What is hydrocephalus

A

the dilation of brain ventricles

39
Q

What are the main causes of hydrocephalus

A
  • blocked CSF circulation
  • impaired absorption
  • over-secretion CSF
40
Q

What is the overall effect of hydrocephalus

A

increased intracranial pressure

41
Q

What is the cause of non-communicating hydrocephalus

A

blockage within the ventricular system by a tumour or cyst

42
Q

What is the effect of non-communicating hydrocephalus

A

CSF can’t reach the arachnoid space

43
Q

In non-communicating hydrocephalus, which ventricles appear dilated

A

3rd ventricle but 4th ventricle would appear normal

44
Q

What is Danfy-Walker syndrome

A
  • obstruction within foramina od 4th ventricle
  • dilation of latera, 3rd & 4th ventricle
45
Q

What is the cause of communicating hydrocephalus

A

obstruction in the arachnoid villi

46
Q

What is the effect of communicating hydrocephalus

A

movement of CSF into venous sinuses is impeded (impaired absorption)

Principles of Med Neuroscience (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions