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Principles of Med Neuroscience > L.4 > Flashcards

L.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the telencephalon located

A

forebrain and superior to the diencephalon

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2
Q

What structures are included in the telencephalon

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • basal ganglia
  • limbic system
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3
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres divided into

A

lobes

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4
Q

Name all the different types of lobes in the cerebral hemispheres

A
  • frontal
  • temporal
  • parietal
  • occipital
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5
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe

A

motor function

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6
Q

What is the function temporal lobe

A

hearing function

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7
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe

A

vision function

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8
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe

A

somatosensory function

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9
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

outermost layer of the cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

What are the names of structures that represent the folds of the brain

A

gyri and sulci

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11
Q

What is a gyri

A

the “hills” on the brain’s surface

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12
Q

What is a sulci

A

the “valleys” between the gyri

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13
Q

Why does the brain have folds

A

increased folds allow for a larger surface area to house more neurons

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14
Q

What are 2 important sulci to know

A

central sulcus & lateral sulcus

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15
Q

What does the central sulcus do

A

separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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16
Q

What does the lateral sulcus do

A

separates the temporal lobe and parietal lobe

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17
Q

What is the function of the primary motor cortex

A

controls voluntary movements

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18
Q

What is the function of somatosensory cortex

A

processes sensory inputs

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19
Q

True or False: most of the cortex is involved perception and cognition

A

TRUE

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20
Q

What is the role of corpus callosum

A

connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
- allows nerve signals to move btw 2 sides

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21
Q

What are the 2 main neural pathways in the forebrain

A

basal ganglia and limbic system

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22
Q

What is the function of basal ganglia

A

controls posture and movement and connects to the cerebral cortex

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23
Q

What structures make up the basal ganglia

A
  • corpus striatum
  • subthalamic nucleus
  • substantia nigra
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24
Q

What is the corpus striatum made of

A

lentiform (GP and putamen) and caudate nuclei

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25
Q

Name 2 disorders of basal ganglia

A

Parkinson’s disease and Huntington

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26
Q

What is the function limbic system

A

processing emotions, learning, memory and autonomic functions

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27
Q

What are the structures of that make up the limbic system

A
  • cingulate cortex
  • thalamus
  • mammillary bodies
  • fornix
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
28
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus

A

involved in memory and spatial navigation

29
Q

What is the function of amygdala

A

processes emotion for fear and rage

30
Q

What is the function of fornix

A

connects hippocampus to mammillary bodies

31
Q

What is the function of cingulate gyrus

A

regulates emotions and pain

32
Q

What is the function of mammillary bodies

A

involved in memory formation and emotional connections

33
Q

What is the function of meninges

A

they encase the brain and spinal cord – they protect and provide support

34
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
35
Q

Describe the role of dura mater

A
  • outermost layer
  • anchors brain to skull
  • prevents movement
36
Q

Describes the role of arachnoid mater

A
  • middle layer
  • contains CSF
  • cushions the brain
37
Q

Describes the role of pia mater

A
  • innermost layer
  • directly covers brain and spinal cord
38
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dura mater

A

endosteal layer and meningeal layer

39
Q

True or False: the endosteal layer lines the outside of the skull

A

FALSE: lines the INside

40
Q

True or False: the meningeal layer lines the brain and spinal cord

A

TRUE

41
Q

What is the main blood supply for the dura mater

A

middle meningeal artery

42
Q

Where is the middle meningeal artery found

A

in the endosteal layer of the dura mater

43
Q

What is the main nerve supply of dura mater

A

the trigeminal (CN5) nerve

44
Q

What happens when the dura’s sensory neurons are stimulated (and why)

A
  • cause headaches (esp. when blood vessels or nerves)
  • only part of CNS w/ sensory supply
45
Q

Name 3 structures part of the meningeal layer of the dura mater

A
  • falx cerebri
  • tentorium cerebelli
  • falx cerebelli
46
Q

What is the function of falx cerebri

A

separates the cerebral hemispheres

47
Q

What is the function of tentorium cerebelli

A

separate cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebral hemispheres

48
Q

What is the function of falx cerebelli

A

separates cerebellar hemispheres

49
Q

What are the 2 haematomas

A
  • extradural & subdural haematomas
50
Q

What is a extradural haematoma

A
  • blood collects in space between skull and dura
  • cause: trauma to middle meningeal artery
51
Q

What is a subdural haematoma

A
  • blood collects between the dura and arachnoid
  • cause: trauma to bridging veins
52
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space loacted

A

between the arachnoid mater and pia mater

53
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain

A
  • has CSF (cushions brain & spinal cord)
  • has cerebral vessels (supplies blood vessels to brain)
54
Q

What are arachnoid granulations

A

herniations of arachnoid into venous sinuses

55
Q

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

bleeding into subarachnoid space due to trauma/rupture of blood vessels

56
Q

What are the features of pia mater

A
  • vascularisation
  • leptomeninges
57
Q

What is vascularisation

A

contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to brain

58
Q

What is leptomeninges

A

arachnoid and pia mater

59
Q

What is meningitis

A

inflammation of the leptomeninges caused by infection

60
Q

What is are veinous sinuses

A

large spaces (not veins) that collect blood in the brain & help drain blood from the brain back to the heart via the internal jugular veins

61
Q

What are diploic veins

A

small veins located within the bones of the skull that drain blood from the cranium

62
Q

What are cerebral veins

A

veins drain blood from areas outside the skull and carry it to the sinuses for extra drainage

63
Q

What are Cavernous Sinuses

A

paired sinus located against the sphenoid bone

64
Q

How can infections affect cavernous sinuses

A
  • infections can spread to cavernous sinuses
  • inflammation of structures passing through the cavernous sinus can lead to cavernous sinus syndrome
65
Q

What is cavernous sinus syndrome

A

when an infection in the face spreads to the cavernous sinus

Principles of Med Neuroscience (6 decks)

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