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Principles of Med Neuroscience > L.4 > Flashcards

L.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the telencephalon located

A

forebrain and superior to the diencephalon

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2
Q

What structures are included in the telencephalon

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • basal ganglia
  • limbic system
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3
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres divided into

A

lobes

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4
Q

Name all the different types of lobes in the cerebral hemispheres

A
  • frontal
  • temporal
  • parietal
  • occipital
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5
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe

A

motor function

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6
Q

What is the function temporal lobe

A

hearing function

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7
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe

A

vision function

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8
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe

A

somatosensory function

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9
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

outermost layer of the cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

What are the names of structures that represent the folds of the brain

A

gyri and sulci

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11
Q

What is a gyri

A

the “hills” on the brain’s surface

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12
Q

What is a sulci

A

the “valleys” between the gyri

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13
Q

Why does the brain have folds

A

increased folds allow for a larger surface area to house more neurons

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14
Q

What are 2 important sulci to know

A

central sulcus & lateral sulcus

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15
Q

What does the central sulcus do

A

separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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16
Q

What does the lateral sulcus do

A

separates the temporal lobe and parietal lobe

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17
Q

What is the function of the primary motor cortex

A

controls voluntary movements

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18
Q

What is the function of somatosensory cortex

A

processes sensory inputs

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19
Q

True or False: most of the cortex is involved perception and cognition

A

TRUE

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20
Q

What is the role of corpus callosum

A

connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
- allows nerve signals to move btw 2 sides

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21
Q

What are the 2 main neural pathways in the forebrain

A

basal ganglia and limbic system

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22
Q

What is the function of basal ganglia

A

controls posture and movement and connects to the cerebral cortex

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23
Q

What structures make up the basal ganglia

A
  • corpus striatum
  • subthalamic nucleus
  • substantia nigra
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24
Q

What is the corpus striatum made of

A

lentiform (GP and putamen) and caudate nuclei

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25
Name 2 disorders of basal ganglia
Parkinson's disease and Huntington
26
What is the function limbic system
processing emotions, learning, memory and autonomic functions
27
What are the structures of that make up the limbic system
- cingulate cortex - thalamus - mammillary bodies - fornix - amygdala - hippocampus
28
What is the function of the hippocampus
involved in memory and spatial navigation
29
What is the function of amygdala
processes emotion for fear and rage
30
What is the function of fornix
connects hippocampus to mammillary bodies
31
What is the function of cingulate gyrus
regulates emotions and pain
32
What is the function of mammillary bodies
involved in memory formation and emotional connections
33
What is the function of meninges
they encase the brain and spinal cord -- they protect and provide support
34
What are the 3 layers of the meninges
- dura mater - arachnoid mater - pia mater
35
Describe the role of dura mater
- outermost layer - anchors brain to skull - prevents movement
36
Describes the role of arachnoid mater
- middle layer - contains CSF - cushions the brain
37
Describes the role of pia mater
- innermost layer - directly covers brain and spinal cord
38
What are the 2 layers of the dura mater
endosteal layer and meningeal layer
39
True or False: the endosteal layer lines the outside of the skull
FALSE: lines the INside
40
True or False: the meningeal layer lines the brain and spinal cord
TRUE
41
What is the main blood supply for the dura mater
middle meningeal artery
42
Where is the middle meningeal artery found
in the endosteal layer of the dura mater
43
What is the main nerve supply of dura mater
the trigeminal (CN5) nerve
44
What happens when the dura's sensory neurons are stimulated (and why)
- cause headaches (esp. when blood vessels or nerves) - only part of CNS w/ sensory supply
45
Name 3 structures part of the meningeal layer of the dura mater
- falx cerebri - tentorium cerebelli - falx cerebelli
46
What is the function of falx cerebri
separates the cerebral hemispheres
47
What is the function of tentorium cerebelli
separate cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebral hemispheres
48
What is the function of falx cerebelli
separates cerebellar hemispheres
49
What are the 2 haematomas
- extradural & subdural haematomas
50
What is a extradural haematoma
- blood collects in space between skull and dura - cause: trauma to middle meningeal artery
51
What is a subdural haematoma
- blood collects between the dura and arachnoid - cause: trauma to bridging veins
52
Where is the subarachnoid space loacted
between the arachnoid mater and pia mater
53
What does the subarachnoid space contain
- has CSF (cushions brain & spinal cord) - has cerebral vessels (supplies blood vessels to brain)
54
What are arachnoid granulations
herniations of arachnoid into venous sinuses
55
What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage
bleeding into subarachnoid space due to trauma/rupture of blood vessels
56
What are the features of pia mater
- vascularisation - leptomeninges
57
What is vascularisation
contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to brain
58
What is leptomeninges
arachnoid and pia mater
59
What is meningitis
inflammation of the leptomeninges caused by infection
60
What is are veinous sinuses
large spaces (not veins) that collect blood in the brain & help drain blood from the brain back to the heart via the internal jugular veins
61
What are diploic veins
small veins located within the bones of the skull that drain blood from the cranium
62
What are cerebral veins
veins drain blood from areas outside the skull and carry it to the sinuses for extra drainage
63
What are Cavernous Sinuses
paired sinus located against the sphenoid bone
64
How can infections affect cavernous sinuses
- infections can spread to cavernous sinuses - inflammation of structures passing through the cavernous sinus can lead to cavernous sinus syndrome
65
What is cavernous sinus syndrome
when an infection in the face spreads to the cavernous sinus

Principles of Med Neuroscience (12 decks)

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