L4 - Signs of Ism, Fi’l And Harf

Question 1

What are the signs of an Ism? Give examples

Answer 1

1. Has additional particle of ال at the beginning
   الصَّلاةُ (the prayer)، الحَمْدُ (the praise)
2. Has Harf Jarr before it
   بِزَيْدٍ (by Zayd)، اِلَي الْمَدِينَةِ (to the city)
3. Has Tanween
   رَجُلٌ (a man)، بِلالٌ
4. Musnad Ilayh (subject)
   بَكْرٌ فاضِلٌ (Bakr is learned)، زَيْدٌ عالِمٌ (Zayd is a scholar)
5. Mudaaf Ilayh
   كِتابُ زَيْدٍ (book of Zayd)، وَلَدُ رَجُلٍ (son of a man)
6. Ism Musagghar
   رُجَيْلٌ (a small man)، قُرَيْشٌ
7. Ism Mansoob (attributed to a place)
   مَكِّيٌّ (native of Makkah)، مَدَنِيٌّ (native of Madinah)
8. Tathniyah (dual)
   رَجُلانِ (two men)، عالِمانِ (two scholars)
9. Jam’ (plural)
   رِجالٌ (men)
10. Mawsoof (qualifiable)
    جاءَ رَجُلٌ عالِمٌ (a learned man came)
11. Has Taa Mutaharrikah (vowelised Taa)
    ضارِبَةٌ (a hitting woman)

Question 2

What are the signs of a Fi’l? Give examples

Answer 2

1. Preceded by قد (for near past)
   قَد ضَرَبَ (he just hit)
2. Preceded by س (for near future)
   سَيَضْرِبُ (he shall hit)
3. Preceded by سوف (for distant future)
   سَوفَ يَضْرِبُ (he shall soon hit)
4. Preceded by Harf Jaazim
   لَمْ يَضْرِبْ (he did not hit)
5. Has Dhameer Marfoo’ Muttasil
   ضَرَبْتُ (I hit)
6. Has Taa Saakinah (silent Taa)
   ضَرَبَتْ (she hit)
7. Amr (imperative)
   اِضْرِبْ (!hit)
8. Nahy (prohibition)
   لا تَضْرِبْ (!do not hit)

Question 3

What are the Huroof Jaazimah and what is the effect they give to the following word?

Answer 3

لَمْ، لَمّا، لامُ الْاَمْر، لامُ النَّهي، اِنْ شَرْطِيَّة

They give the following word a Jazm.

Question 4

What are the signs of a Harf? Give examples

Answer 4

The sign of a Harf is that it has no signs of an Ism or Fi’l.