L4: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Flashcards
A joint WHO-UNICEF international conference was held in 1978 in Alma Ata (USSR)
ALMA-ATA CONFERENCE
How many countries were part of the Alma-Ata Conference?
134 countries
The conference jointly called for a ______ to the health
care.
REVOLUTIONARY APPROACH
The conference declared ‘The existing gross inequality in the health status of
people particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within countries is politically, socially and economically unacceptable’.
ALMA-ATA CONFERENCE
the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC) came into existence globally in 1978 because of:
ALMA-ATA CONFERENCE
By virtue of _____, PHC was adopted in the Philippines, making it the first country in ASIA to embark on meeting the challenge of PHC.
Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 of 1979
Rationale for Adopting Primary Health Care
▪ Magnitude of Health Problems
▪ Inadequate and unequal distribution of health resources
▪ Increasing cost of medical care
▪ Isolation of health care activities from other development
activities
Is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and
technology made universally accessible to individuals and
families in the community through their full participation and at
a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at
every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance
and self-determination
PHC according to Alma-Ata Declaration
Is characterized by partnership and empowerment of the people that shall permeate as the core
strategy in the effective provision of essential health services
that is community based, accessible, acceptable and
sustainable at a cost which the community and the
government can afford.
PHC according to DOH
The goal of primary health care (PHC) strategy
HEALTH FOR ALL by the year 2000
means an acceptable level of health for all the people of the world through community and individual self-reliance
HEALTH FOR ALL
Three objectives of “Health for All” by the year 2000:
- Promotion of healthy lifestyles
- Prevention of diseases
- Therapy for existing conditions
The Alma Ata Declaration listed eight essential health services
using the acronym _____
ELEMENTS
Meaning of ELEMENTS
E – Education for health
L – Locally endemic disease control
E – Expanded program for immunization
M – Maternal and child health including responsible parenthood
E – Essential drugs
N – Nutrition
T – treatment of communicable and noncommunicable diseases
S – safe water and sanitation
Goal of Primary Health Care in The Philippines
“HEALTH FOR ALL FILIPINOS by the year 2000 AND HEALTH IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE by the year 2020”
An improved state of health and quality of life for all people attained through ______
SELF-RELIANCE
To strengthen the health care system by increasing opportunities and supporting the conditions wherein people will manage their own health care.
MISSION of PHC
2 Levels of PHC Workers
- Barangay Health Workers
- Intermediate Level Health Workers
trained community
health workers or health auxiliary volunteers or traditional birth attendants or healers.
BARANGAY HEALTH WORKERS
include the Public Health Nurse, Rural Sanitary Inspector and midwives.
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS
The key principles that set PHC apart from the traditional mode of
health care delivery system:
◸ Accessibility, affordability, acceptability and availability
◸ Support mechanisms
◸ Multisectoral approach
◸ Community participation
◸ Equitable distribution of health resources
◸ Appropriate technology
4As of PHC
ACCESSIBILITY
AFFORDABILITY
ACCEPTABILITY
AVAILABILITY
refers to the physical distance of a health facility
or the travel time required for people to get the needed or
desired health services.
ACCESSIBILITY
individual or family’s capacity to pay for basic
health services and whether the community can afford these
services.
AFFORDABILITY
the health care offered is in consonance with the
prevailing culture and traditions of the population
ACCEPTABILITY
the basic health services required by the people are offered in the health care facilities.
AVALABILITY
The resources for essential health services come from three major entities:
The people themselves, the government, the private sector – NGOs, socio-
civic and faith groups.
SUPPORT MECHANISMS
Key Principles of PHC
- Support Mechanisms
- Multi-sectoral Approach
- Community Participation
- Equitable Distribution of Health Resources
- Appropriate Technology
As health and disease are outcomes of multiple interrelated factors, PHC
requires communication, cooperation, and collaboration within and among various sectors.
MULTISECTORAL APPROACH
The involvement of specialized agency, private sectors, and
public sectors to achieve improved health facilities.
INTERSECTORAL LINKAGES
communication, cooperation, and collaboration within the
health sector: among members of the health team and among health agencies
INTRASECTORAL LINKAGES
a process in which community people are engaged and participated in making decisions about their own health.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
PHC advocates for care that is community- based and preventive in
orientation.
EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH RESOURCES
2 Programs spearheaded by DOH to ensure equitable distribution of manpower to rural areas:
- Doctor to the Barrios Program (DTTB)
- Registered Nurses health Enhancement and Local Service (RN HEALS)
deployment of doctors to
municipalities that are without doctors for 2 years, offered competitive compensation
Doctor to the Barrios (DTTB) program
Deployment of nurses to unserved, economically depressed
municipalities to address the inadequate nursing workforce in rural
communities and health facilities
Registered Nurses health Enhancement and Local Service
(RN HEALS)
‘’Technology that is scientifically sound, adaptable to local
needs and acceptable to those who apply it and to whom it is applied and that can be maintained by people themselves in keeping with the principle of self-reliance with the resources the community and country can afford.’’
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
using cheaper, scientifically valid and acceptable equipment and techniques.
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
The Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997
RA 8423
The sum total of knowledge, skills, and practice on
health care, not necessarily explicable in the context of modern, scientific
philosophical framework, but recognized by the people to help maintain and
improve their health towards the wholeness of their being, the community
and society, and their interrelations based on culture, history, heritage and
consciousness. (eg. Herbal medicines)
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
RA 8423
TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ACT OF 1997
The person who signed RA 8423 into law
Secretary of Health: Juan Flavier
This created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care, which is tasked to promote and advocate the use of traditional and alternative health care modalities through scientific research and product development.
RA 8423