L4: microbiology of the GI tract Flashcards
how does cholera work
causes an increase in cyclic AMP increasing the secretion of water, calcium, sodium and bicarbonates
mechanism for non-inflammatory pathogens
enterotoxins/ mucosal adherence
e.g of three bacteria causing non-inflammatory infections
vibrio cholerae
bacillus cereus
enterotoxigenic E.coli
where does cholera work
proximal small bowel
mechanism for inflammatory GI infection
invasion of mucosa/ production of cytotoxins
where do salmonella and shigella act
colon
where does listeria, yersinia and salmonella typhi act
distal small bowel
how do penetrating GI infections work
inducing phagocytosis
name 4 GI host defences
gastric
bile salts
peristalsis
mucus
4 benefits of colonisation resistance
- occupy space
- production of antibiotic like substances
- remove toxins
- release energy from carbohydrates
where is most GI flora
colon
what percentage of stool is bacteria
40-60%
what symptoms can overgrowth of bacteria lead to in GI tract (6)
diarrhoea bloating abdo pain flatulence weight loss steratorrhoea
diagnostic test for bacterial overgrowth
hydrogen breath test
increase in total flora
treatment of bacterial overgrowth
rifaxamin
correct underlying condition
nutritional supplements