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HD: Exam 1 > L4-Immunoglobulin Structure > Flashcards

L4-Immunoglobulin Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of immunoglobulin heavy chains?

A 
mu - IgM
gamma - IgG
epsilon- IgE
alpha - IgA
delta- IgD
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2
Q

What are the light chains?H

A

kappa and lamda

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3
Q

Where is the antigen binding site in an immunoglobulin?

A

Variable region of heavy chain and light chain

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4
Q

Describe the antibody structure

A

2 identical light chains paired with 2 identical heavy chains. Heavy chains bonded by disulfide bridge

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5
Q

What makes up the Fab?

A

Antigen binding site

Light chain + 1/2 heavy chain

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6
Q

What makes up the Fc?

A

Constant region of heavy chain

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7
Q

Which antibodies are polymeric?

A

IgM: pentamer in blood serum with J chain
IgA: dimeric in mucosal secretions with J chain and secretory component

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8
Q

What half of the Ig is the constant domain?

A

C-terminal

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9
Q

What half of the Ig is the variable domain?

A

N-terminal

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10
Q

Which Ig is predominant in 2ndary response?

A

IgG

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11
Q

Which Ig is in external secretions?

A

IgA

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12
Q

Which Ig is predominant in primary response?

A

IgM

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13
Q

What Ig is mainly found on B cell surfaces?

A

IgD

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14
Q

Which Ig is involved in allergic hypersensitivities

A

IgE

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15
Q

Why is IgM so much heavier than all the other antibodies?

A

Due to pentameric structure

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16
Q

What Ig functions as a B-cell Ag receptor along with IgM?

A

IgD

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17
Q

Which antibody can transport across the placenta

A

IgG1- thisis how babies get maternal IgG

18
Q

What Ig is usally in membrane form and has very few plasma cells?

A

IgD

19
Q

What Ig fixes to mast cells and basophils via Fc receptors?

A

IgE

20
Q

Which Ig has a key role in mucosal immunity?

A

IgA

21
Q

What are the ways in which antibodies function?

A 
Neutralization
Opsonization
Sensitize for killing by NK cells
Sensitize to mast cells
Activate complement system
22
Q

How can you tell which antibody is which?

A 
Can't use electrophoresis- all same
Use antibodies that target the constant regions of each subclass of antibodies
23
Q

What happens to mast cells if IgE binds?

A

No antigen: nothing happens

Yes Antigen: recognized by Fab of IgE -> cross linking as Fc receptor of mast cell binds IgE

24
Q

Hyow can antibodies promote destruction of a pathogen?

A

Neutralize or promote by activating other effector mechanisms like complement or Fc receptor mediated killing

25
Q

What kind of Ab is present just before birth and how?

A

IgG from maternal contribution. High levels just before birht and decays as half life is 3 weeks

26
Q

What Ab is produced when a neonate is born?

A

IgM

27
Q

Why is the 6-9 month mark considered the critical time?

A

Low maternal IgG levels and not enough Ig produced by baby yet

28
Q

When are adult levels of IgM reached? IgA? IgG?

A

IgM: 10 months
IgG: 4 years
IgA: 10 years

29
Q

What is polyclonal antibody?

A

found in serum of immunized people in which different antibodies are present that are directed against different epitopes and are made from different B cells

30
Q

WHat is monoclonal antibodies?

A

Antibodies from 1 clone of B cells all targeting the same epitope of the same antigen

31
Q

What is an example of a polyclonal antibody treatment?

A

IVIG: take blood from people and pool it and use to treat many diff problems

32
Q

What is an example of a monoclonal antibody treatment?

A

Tumor specific antibodies

33
Q

What are the gene components of the light chain and heavy chain?

A

Light: VJ + constant
Heavy: VDJ + constant

34
Q

What is the process in which Ig genes as well as TCR genes go through to create their receptors/antibodies?

A

Somatic DNA REcombination

35
Q

What is the process in which Ig genes as well as TCR genes go through to create their receptors/antibodies?

A

Somatic DNA REcombination

36
Q

WHat is the order of Ig gene rearrangement in B cell?

A

Heavy Chain: DJ
Heavy Chain: VDJ
Light Chain: VJ
Assembly of IgM

37
Q

Where does B cell development and Ig gene rearrangement take place?

A

Bone marrow

38
Q

Is Ig gene rearrangement antigen driven?

A

No. It is random

39
Q

What happens to gene segments in between ?

A

They are lost and deleted as BRECs

40
Q

How do you get the new VDJ or VJ genes near the constant region C genes?

A

RNA splicing of the primary RNA transcript = gets rid of introns

HD: Exam 1 (5 decks)

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