L4: HPA (cont.) & secretion, transport and clearance of hormones

Question 1

two parts of the adrenal gland

Answer 1

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Question 2

layers that make up the adrenal cortex

Answer 2

capsule, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis

Question 3

what stimulates the adrenal medulla to release hormones?

Answer 3

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Question 4

what examples of hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 4

adrenal medulla releases nervous hormones like epinephrine and nonrepinhrine

Question 5

zona reticularis

Answer 5

involves with sex hormones

secretes androgens

Question 6

function of androgens

Answer 6

in males it stimulates masculinization (male characteristics) and promotes prostate growth.
in females it increases libids

Question 7

zona fasciculata

Answer 7

stimulates the release of glucocorticoids to regulate glucose metabolism

Question 8

zona glomerulosa

Answer 8

releases mineralcorticoids to regulate mineral bacteria

Question 9

function of aldosterone

Answer 9

works on kidneys, helps us retain water and prevent water loss

Question 10

what is responsible for long-term stress

Answer 10

cortex

Question 11

what is responsible for short-term stress

Answer 11

adrenal medulla

Question 12

What happens during chronic stress?

Answer 12

ACTH from anterior pituitary will stimulate the zona fasciculata to release the stress hormone, cortisol.

Question 13

short-term stress response

Answer 13

stress affects hypothalamus, sends nerve signals to spinal cord and adrenal medulla, and secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 14

long-term stress response

Answer 14

stress affects hypothalamus, releases ACTH to anterior pituitary gland and secretes cortisol and aldosterone