L2 - Master regulators of Organ System

Question 1

Where is glucose secreted into?

Answer 1

pancreas

Question 2

two main hormones responsible for maintaining glucose concentrations in the pancreas

Answer 2

insulin and glucagon

Question 3

Two functional components of pancreas

Answer 3

exocrine component and endocrine component

Question 4

Exocrine cells

Answer 4

• produce enzymes to help with ingestion of food

- acinar cells and duct cells

Question 5

Endocrine cells

Answer 5

• consists of Islets of Langerhans (alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells)

Question 6

Alpha cells

Answer 6

secrete glucagon

Question 7

Beta cells

Answer 7

secrete insulin

Question 8

Delta cells

Answer 8

secrete somatostatin

Question 9

What occurs when there is low blood glucose levels?

Answer 9

low blood glucose levels signals the alpha cells in the pancreas to secrete glucagon which stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen to glucose to secrete into the blood

Question 10

What particular enzyme if required for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose?

Answer 10

glucose-6-phosphate

Question 11

What occurs when there is high blood glucose levels?

Answer 11

high blood glucose levels signals the beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin which stimulates the fat cells to take up glucose from the blood causing the glucose levels in the blood cells to reach a normal level

Question 12

Endocrine glands

Answer 12

• groups of endocrine cells that are dedicated to a given function
• hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal gland
• thyroid gland
• adrenal gland
• pancreas
• ovaries
• testes

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

• small neuroendocrine structure found just above brainstem
• responsible for release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, and for the production of regulatory hormones via the pituitary gland

Question 14

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 14

acts on kidneys to prevent fluid loss or water loss

Question 15

Oxytcin

Answer 15

involved in the production of milk in females during lactation

Question 16

Pituitary gland

Answer 16

• hormone secreting gland which sits just below the hypothalamus
• two parts: anterior pituitary gland and posterior pituitary gland

Question 17

Pineal gland

Answer 17

• secretes melatonin which is responsible for the body clock

Question 18

Thyroid gland

Answer 18

• responsible for metabolism (secretes T3 and T4)
• lobes on thyroid glands are parathyroid glands (secretes parathyroid hormone, and regulates calcium and phosphate in the body)

Question 19

Pancreas

Answer 19

• secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 20

what happens when you have diabetes

Answer 20

depleted insulin levels and therefore high blood glucose levels

Question 21

Adrenal glands

Answer 21

• small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys
• made up of two parts: adrenal cortex (outer membrane) and adrenal medulla (inner)

Question 22

adrenal cortex

Answer 22

secretes cortisol (response for stress) and aldosterone (maintenance of K and Na)

Question 23

adrenal medulla

Answer 23

secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline (fight and flight response)

Question 24

Gonads

Answer 24

testes (androgens-testosterone) and ovaries (estrogen and progesterone)