L4- Diet and Body weight Flashcards

1
Q

RNI

A

reference nutrient intake (protein, vitamins and minerals)

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2
Q

EAR

A

estimated average requirement (used for energy intake)

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3
Q

LRNI

A

lower reference nutrition intake

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4
Q

intake below LRNI

A

is insufficient for most people

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5
Q

DRVs depend on

A

age, gender and level of physical activity

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6
Q

How are nutritional requirements estimated

A

Scientific evidence reviewed and frequency of distribution for a particular group used to determine values.

  • EAR: Requirement for ~50% of group (50% will require more).
  • RNI: Enough to ensure needs of 97.5% are being met. Many within the group will need less.
  • LRNI: Enough for only the small number of people who have low requirements (2.5%). The majority need more.
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7
Q

daily energy expenditure

A

basal metabolic rate (BMR) + Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) + physical activity level (PAL)

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8
Q

daily energy expenditure of 70 kg man and 58 kg women

A

1200 kj/day

9,500 kj/day

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9
Q

what does the basal metabolic rate do

A

Maintains resting activities of the body

e. g. function of all organs
e. g. ion transport and biochemical reaction

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10
Q

where does the majority of basal metabolic rate energy go to

A

skeletal muscle (30% BMR)

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11
Q

factors affecting BMR

A
  • body size
  • gender
  • temp
  • endocrine stus
  • body temp
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12
Q

voluntary physical exercise (VPE)

A

energy required depends on intensity and duration of activity. reflects demands of:

  • skeletal msucle
  • heart muscle
  • resp muscles
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13
Q

VPE for sedentary person

A

30 kJ/Kg/day

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14
Q

VPE for every active person

A

100 kJ/Kg/day

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15
Q

where does most energy in British diet come from

A

most energy derived from CHOs

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16
Q

energy content in food compeoennts

A
highest:
- fat
- alcohol
- protein
-CHO
Lowest
17
Q

when energy intake = expenditure

A

stable body weight

18
Q

energy intake < expenditure

A

lose weight when energy stores depletes

19
Q

energy intake > expenditure

A

energy stores (fat_ will increase

20
Q

obesity is defined as

A

fat accumulation in adipose tissue which impairs health

21
Q

obesity is BMI above what

22
Q

obesity occurs when

A

energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a period of years

23
Q

obesity is associated within increased risk of

A

cancer
CVD
T2D

24
Q

BMI=

A

weight (kg)/ heigh ^2(m)

25
height measured
without shoes
26
weight measured with
minimal clothing
27
BMI shows good
correlation with body fat measurments
28
BMI is weak in predicting
body fat measurements in muscular individuals
29
alternative to BMI
waist/ hip ratio
30
greater proportion of fat in upper body e.g. abdomen associated with increased risk of
- insulin resistance - T2D - High NP - hyperlipideamia - stroke - premature death