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SPHP 143: Communication Disorders in Multicultural Populations > L4: African American Lang & Culture: Implications for SLPs > Flashcards

L4: African American Lang & Culture: Implications for SLPs Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

AAs described as voluntary immigrants to the US (John Ogbu)

A

False

INVOLUNTARY immigrants!!!!

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2
Q

T/F

Though times have improved, many AAs still experience discrimination

A

True

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3
Q

-In the military, other AAs told her to be “_________” and to “do what the _____ people tell you to do”

A
  • less threatening

- White

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4
Q

T/F

In the south, there are certain places that Blacks just don’t go

A

True

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5
Q
  • AAs have a strong ____ & _____ ethic
  • There still remains an ______ & __________ b/w AAs & other ethnic groups
  • _______ continues to be an issue for many AA children
A
  • work; family
  • educational; income gap
  • poverty
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6
Q

T/F
Today, AA boys & young men are the fastest-growing group of incarcerated young people in the US

Crimes: they steal what (2) for who?

A

FALSE

girls & young women!!!!

(1) food (2) milk for ch

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7
Q

Sacramento Bee, 1/19/20__ (MLK Day)

  • The ______ in CA b/w Blacks & Whites has reached its widest point in decades
  • Today, CA White families’ median income is __% nighter than that of Black families
  • White CA families typically earn about $_______/year compared to $________/year for Black families
A
  • 2015
  • income gap
  • 80%
  • $90,000; $43,500
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8
Q

T/F

According to Sacramento Bee 1/19/2015 Black families earn more than half of what White families do

A

FALSE

earn BARELY HALF!!!!

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9
Q

Sacramento Bee 1/19/2015

What are Reasons for income gap? (5)

A
  1. Discrimination
  2. Economy
  3. Job problems w/out college degree
  4. Achievement gap in K-12 schools
  5. ↑ incarceration rate of black men
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10
Q

Many African Americans are:

  • deeply ________
  • the ______ plays a major role in their lives
  • AAs most likely to report a ________ affiliation
  • Many hours a week may be spent at _____, including all day Sunday
  • When we work w/ _________ especially, it can be helpful o include the minister, church members, friends, from Bible study etc.
A
  • religious
  • church
  • religious
  • church
  • elderly AAs
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11
Q

Education & Literacy

  • AA families value _______ & _______
  • it is ________ to them that their children work hard & do well in school
  • _______ may be another story
  • Most teachers are White _____; there may be some cultural differences b/w them & AA ch, especially _____
A
  • education; literacy
  • important
  • college
  • women
  • males
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12
Q

Georgetown University Center on Education & the Workforce:

  • People w/ Bachelor’s degree make __% more _____ over a lifetime than HS graduates
  • Translation: college graduate makes $__M over a lifetime; HS graduate makes $__M
A
  • 83%; more MONEY

- $2.3 M; $1.3 M

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13
Q

T/F

Statistics show that HS graduation rate for AA has decreased in the last few years

A

FALSE

INCREASED

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14
Q

National Center for Education Statistics, 20__)

-Young adults w/ Master’s degrees, Asians earned $_____/year; AAs earned $_____/year

A
  • 2013
  • $73,000
  • $50,000
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15
Q

It is important to address ________ discrepancies which affect AA children:

  • 1 way to do this is to provide __________
  • If AA students use AAE, there may be issues w/ _____, _____ & ______ in mainstream Eng
A
  • educational
  • early intervention
  • reading; writing; spelling
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16
Q

We have to be aware of the impact of use of ____ in mainstream schools where ___ is the language spoken

A
  • AAE

- MAE

17
Q

L4S19

A

-

18
Q

Craig, Zhang, Hensel & Quinn “AAE-speaking Students: an examination of the relationship b/w dialect shifting & reading outcomes”

  • examined skills of ___ typically developing AA ch in grades -
  • AAE-speaking students who learned to use ___ in _____ tasks did _____ than those who did not make this adaptation
A
  • 165; 1-5

- MAE; literacy tasks; better

19
Q

Questions the authors asked:

  • For AAE-speaking students who do not automatically “pick up” on MAE, do we _____ it to them ______?
  • Is this culturally ________ & _______?
  • Would it help them perform ______ in school?
A
  • teach; explicitly
  • sensitive; appropriate
  • better
20
Q

Ivy, L.J., & Masterson, J.J. A comparison of oral and written English styles in African American students at different stages of writing development. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools

  • Studied use of _____ & _____ AAE in __ & ____ graders
  • Question: did kids use AAE ____ as they got older?

Results:

  • Use of AAE was _______ for oral & written lang in ___ graders
  • __grades used MORE AAE in ____ lang & LESS in ______ lang
  • Children who speak AAE eventually learn to switch to MAE in their _______
A
  • oral; written; 3rd; 8th
  • less
  • comparable; 3rd graders
  • 8th; oral; written
  • writing
21
Q

ASHA Johnson et al., Impact of Dialect Use on Student Writing

  • They studied 1__ __-__ graders at two Title 1 elementary schools in Northeast Florida
  • __% of child were eligible for free/reduced lunch (________)
  • They got ______ lang samples from these students
A
  • 141; 2nd-4th
  • 95%; wellfare
  • written
22
Q

ASHA Johnson et al., Impact of Dialect Use on Student Writing

Findings:

  • The _____ the students used ___, the poorer their editing skills on a writing task
  • Interventions that implement __________ (explicit instruction in non-AAE grammatical features) may be ______ in helping AAE-users _____ to MAE in _______ settings
A
  • more; AAE

- bidialectical education; useful; switch; academic

23
Q

Gaitlin & Wanzek, 20__:

  • __ studies consisting of 1,9__ participants in grades K-_ (typically developing)
  • The ____ children used AAE, the _____ their overall _____ skills, especially ______
  • could not attribute this to ________
  • Found affected ______ class ch as well
A
  • 2015
  • 19; 1,947; 6
  • more; lower; literacy; reading
  • poverty
  • middle
24
Q

Recent research concludes:

  • _______ b/w spoken AAE & oral & written MAE may contribute to the _____________ b/w AA & mainstream ch
  • AA ch who are good at _________ –> better literacy skills
A
  • discrepancy; literacy achievement gap

- codeswitching

25
Q

Health Care & Disabilities

  • a major problem for many AAs is __________
  • AA babies are more likely than babies from other races to be ________ & to die from nutritional deficiency
  • Older adults who have __________ disorders may have difficulty getting therapy
A
  • lack of health insurance
  • premature
  • difficulty
26
Q

What are Low-SES AA ch are susceptible to?

2

A

(1) lead poisoning

(2) asthma

27
Q

If children are diagnosed w/ disabilities…

  • many AA families are _______
  • They tend to have intergenerational support as well as strong _______ beliefs
A
  • accepting

- religious

28
Q

Family Life

  • ________ members are very important in AA culture
  • Although many homes are headed by single women, there is _________ support.
  • _________ are often very involved in ch raising
  • Ch-raising styles in AA families tend to be more ________ than in other groups; may employ ↑ use of ___________
A
  • extended family
  • intergenerational
  • grandmas
  • authoritative
  • corporal punishment
29
Q

Communication Styles

  • Traditional turn taking during interaction may NOT OCCUR; _______ is acceptable & expected
  • ________ & _______ are typical
  • May not be ______ w/ traditional professionals
A
  • interrupting
  • confrontation; honesty
  • congruent
30
Q

African American English

  • Use of AAE is impaction by many factors: (name 3)
  • AAE is NOT a substandard form of ____
  • It is ________ & _________
A
  1. SES
  2. education
  3. geographic location
  • MAE
  • rule-governed; predictable
31
Q

Assessment & Treatment Considerations:

  • We have to be extremely careful when we assess the ______& ________ skills of AAE-speaking students
  • Many tests are ______
  • _________ are encouraged; _______ description can be especially effective
  • AA boys are over diagnosed w/ _____-they tend to be quite physically _____
A
  • articulation; language
  • biased
  • language samples; picture
  • ADHD; active
32
Q

Implications for Professionals:

  • address family members _____–use titles
  • Pronounce _____ correctly
  • Incorporate _______ into tx
A
  • formally
  • names
  • movement
33
Q
  • Help students learn the difference…
  • B/w “____ talk” & “____ talk”
  • Important for _____, _____ & _____
  • Don’t enroll students in tx for ________; however, if they are in for a disorder, I sneak it in by _______
  • Some experts: “__________”
A
  • home; school
  • pragmatics; morphology; syntax
  • differences; modeling
  • elective intervention
34
Q

Larry P. vs Riles:

  • Began in 19__
  • AA parents in San Francisco filed in _______ court
  • They claimed that their ch were wrongly placed in the _____ class
A
  • 1971
  • federal
  • Educable Mentally Retarded (EMR)
35
Q

Larry P. vs Riles:
Parents claimed that…
-IQ tests were culturally _______ & _______
-AA students were __________ represented in EMR classes
-AA= ___% in gen ed; __% in EMR

A
  • biased; discriminatory
  • disproportionately
  • 28.5%; 66%
36
Q

Larry P. vs Riles:

  • Judge Robert Peckham: SFUSD prohibited from using __ tests to place AA students in EMR classes
  • Decision upheld on appeal in 19__
  • In 1984, the court expanded the ruling for all of CA by banning use of __ testing for all AA students for any _________ purpose
A
  • IQ
  • 1984
  • IQ; special ed
37
Q
  • We can’t use SLP tests if they directly/indirectly profess to ______
  • CA Dept of Ed: in lieu of IQ tests, use _______ means of assessment–lang samples, etc.
A
  • measure IQ

- alternative

38
Q

The CA Diagnostic Center said that the possible OK tests might be… (name 4)

A
  1. CELF-5 (Clinical Evaluation of Lang. Fundamentals)
  2. Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation (DELV)
  3. Preschool Language Scale-4 (PLS-4)
  4. Comprehensive Test of Spoken Language (CASL)
39
Q

Diagnostic Center of California, 2015:

-The only test for which can report standard scores for African American students is the _______

A

-DELV-4

SPHP 143: Communication Disorders in Multicultural Populations (5 decks)

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