L4

Question 1

Point bar

Answer 1

Alluvial deposit that specifically accumulates on the inside of a streambed

Question 2

Degree day

Answer 2

The mean temp: standard temp

Question 3

Higher latitudes…

Answer 3

Have fewer degree days

Question 4

Degree days groundwater

Answer 4

Constant (0)

Question 5

Stenotherms:

Answer 5

Species with very specific temp requirements (ex: cold = brook trout, warm= pumpkinseed sunfish)

Question 6

DO solubility

Answer 6

Increases as temp decreases, decreases as atmosphere pressure deceases

Question 7

Areas of lower DO

Answer 7

• upwelling of interstitial areas from hypnosis zone
• deeper areas don’t mix with surface water
• microbial activity is high in detritus

Question 8

Areas of higher DO

Answer 8

• Downstream of riffles (mechanical aeration)
• slow flowing regions with high algae concentrations

Question 9

Oxygen saturation

Answer 9

Measure of concentration of oxygen that’s dissolved or carried by water as a proportion of the maximum concentration that can be dissolved in water at that temp and pressure

Question 10

Biological oxygen demand (BOD)

Answer 10

Amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter

Question 11

Where does (BOD) occur?

Answer 11

• Human ov animal waste
• abundance of decaying plant matter

Question 12

Hypoxia

Answer 12

Where oxygen concentrations are so low they are fatal

Question 13

Anoxic

Answer 13

Areas of water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen and disrupt ecosystem balance

Question 14

Eutrophication

Answer 14

Overly enriched body of water that excessively grow algae and produces large amounts of carbon dioxide

Question 15

4 major cations

Answer 15

1. Na+
2. K+
3. Ca+
4. Mg+

Question 16

4 major ions

Answer 16

1. HCO3-
2. (CO3)-2
3. (SO4)2-
4. Cl-

Question 17

Conductivity

Answer 17

Measure of the total dissolved ions, and is measured by electrical conductance.

Question 18

pH

Answer 18

Measure of hydrogen ions, from acid to alkaline

Question 19

Alkalinity

Answer 19

The measure of compounds that shift the pH into alkaline range

Question 20

How is alkalinity controlled?

Answer 20

The amount of bicarbonate and carbonate in the soils and water

Question 21

“Buffering” capacity

Answer 21

Acid neutralizing capacity is an unfettered measure of the capacity of the solutes and particulates to neutralize acid

Question 22

What causes variation in pH?

Answer 22

-Natural geology and organic acids
- acid rain
- landuse

Question 23

Humic acid

Answer 23

Leaf juice that turns water brown