Exam 3 (L25,29)

Question 1

Voltinism:

Answer 1

Indicates # of broods or generations in a year (insects)

Question 2

Univoltine

Answer 2

Production of one broad of eggs or generation per year; non overlapping

Question 3

Bivoltine

Answer 3

Production of two broods or generations per year; overlapping

Question 4

Discrete or geometric growth

Answer 4

For pops with non-overlapping generations and unlimited resources, only thing limiting growth is rate of reproduction

Question 5

Exponential growth

Answer 5

For pops with overlapping generations and unlimited resources, only limit is rate of reproduction (smooth line graph)

Question 6

Logistic growth

Answer 6

Pop size levels off creating a s-shaped curve

Question 7

Carry capacity - K

Answer 7

Depends on food, water, etc.
When N< K, pop grows
And vice versa

Question 8

Density independent factors

Answer 8

Abiotic, environmental reasons

Question 9

Density dependent factors

Answer 9

Biotic, function of pop. Size

Question 10

Habitat connectivity

Answer 10

The degree to which populations are connected by dispersal

Question 11

Populations with high connectivity…

Answer 11

Tend to differ less

Question 12

Populations with low connectivity…

Answer 12

Tend to differ more

Question 13

Random spatial distributions

Answer 13

Unpredictable, uncommon in nature → why?

Question 14

Clumped spatial distributions

Answer 14

Often due to environmental variables

Question 15

Uniform spatial distributions

Answer 15

Evenly spaced - rare in nature

Question 16

Community structure

Answer 16

Assemblage of species that occur together in the same place

Question 17

Fish by habitat: benthic pool

Answer 17

Cottidae, percidae

Question 18

Fish by habitat: benthic riffle

Answer 18

Cyprinidae

Question 19

Fish by habitat: Water column pool

Answer 19

Salmonidae, centrarchidae

Question 20

Frederick Clements (stable and predictable communities)

Answer 20

Convolution is critical to the many species interaction that occur → communities are highly integrated and independent

Question 21

Henry Gleason (instability and unpredictable community)

Answer 21

Biological communities are ephemeral groups of species that share similar niche requirements

Question 22

What is “structure” in aquatic systems?

Question 23

What is “function” in aquatic systems?

Question 24

How do regional processes determine species composition?

Question 25

Filter 1: regional processes

Answer 25

• Species pool
• dispersal
• colonization process

Question 26

Filter 2: Environmental conditions and habitat

Answer 26

• Abiotic (harsh-beningn hypothesis)
  -disturbance regimes
  -habitat heterogeneity

Question 27

Abiotic harsh-benign hypothesis

Answer 27

• In benign conditions, local species interactions play big role
• in harsh conditions, environmental disturbance plays a big role

Question 28

Disturbance regimes

Answer 28

Frequency, intensity, and magnitude

Question 29

Habitat heterogeneity

Answer 29

Higher species diversity and increased ecosystem function

Question 30

Filter 3: interactions within the system

Answer 30

Coexisting species govern the flow of energy and cycling of elements within the ecosystem

Question 31

Fiber 3 (again): biotic interactions

Answer 31

• Competition
• predation

Question 32

Fundamental interactions in a community:

Answer 32

1. Detritivory
2. Herbivory
3. Predation
4. Parasitism