Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > L39 Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

L39 Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main arteries and nerves supplying the gluteal region?

What are the main actions of the gluteal region?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal aa.

Superior and inferior gluteal nn. (L5-S2)

Hip extension, abduction, stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the hip joint

A

Synovial ball and socket: lots of motion, but limited compared with UE

3 degrees of freedom: Flexion/Extension, add/abduction, medial/lateral rotation

Multiaxial: circumduction

With hip rotation, medial the shaft swings anteriorly and lateral the shaft swings posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 parts make up the acetabulum of os coxae?

A

Lunate surface: articular surface covered by hyaline cartiladge, transfer of body mass

Labrum: fibrocartilage, deepens socket for more stability

Transverse acetabular ligament: spans acetabular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 parts that make up the head of the femur?

A

Femoral head: covered by articular cartilage, except at fovea capitis

Ligamentum teres femoris (round ligament of femur): weak, carries neurovasculature to femoral head. Attaches at fovea capitis. Can have long term effects if dislocated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 ligaments of the hip joint?

Which one is the strongest?

A

iliofemoral: strongest, thickest, center of gravity is posterior, ligament keeps us erect without muscle use

pubofemoral

ischiofemoral: posterior

*picture is of anterior ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is femoral hip dislocation?

What position is most common?

A

Most common posteriorly, when ligaments are least taut and hip is flexed, medially rotated, and adducted

Ligaments are no longer able to hold femur in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is hip fracture?

A

fracture of the femoral neck

Trabeculae less dense at zone of weakness (ward’s triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal angle of inclincation of the hip joint?

What is coxa vara?

What is coxa valga?

When do these typically present?

What can having an abnormal angle affect?

A

Normal = 126 degrees adult

Coxa vara: decreased angle of inclination

Coxa valga: increased angle of inclincation

Typically presents when person first starts walking

Abnormal angle may affect gait, leg length, hip mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is in-toeing (anteverted)?

What is out-toeing (retroverted)?

What is a normal torsion angle?

What are the consequences of an abnormal torsion angle?

A

In toeing: increased torsion angle, distal femur rotated medially

Out-toeing: decreased torsion angle, distal femur rotated laterally

normal = 12 degrees adults

abnormal angle usually painless, no delay in walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tensor fascia lata m.

A

PA: ASIS, iliac crest
DA: anterolateral tubercle
Act: hip abduction
Inn: superior gluteal n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gluteus maximus m.

A

PA: ilium, sacrum, sacro-
tuberous ligament
coccyx
DA: anterolateral tubercle,
gluteal tuberosity
Act: hip extension
Inn: inferior gluteal n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus mm.

A

PA: ilium
DA: greater trochanter
Act: hip abduction
Inn: superior gluteal n

*Minimus is deep to medius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve should be linked with hip abduction?

A

Superior gluteal n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Piriformis

superior gemellus

obturator internus

inferior gemellus

quadratis femoris

A

PA: sacrum, ischial tuberosity/
spine, obturator membrane
DA: greater trochanter
Act: hip stabilization &
lateral rotation
Inn: lumbosacral plexus

*converge on greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is IT band syndrome?

A

Overuse injury

inflammation of IT band over: greater trochanter (hip extension) and lateral femoral epicondyle (knee flexion)

Inserts onto the anterolateral tubercle on tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of bursae?

What are the 3 main bursae of the gluteal region?

What is bursitis?

A

Bursae reduce friction, ease movement, secrete fluid

Ischial bursa: between gluteus maximus and ischial tuberosity

Trochanteric bursa: between gluteus maximus and greater trochanter

Gluteofemoral bursa: between IT band and vastus lateralis

Bursitis is localized pain from repetitive hip extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the superior gluteal artery and inferior gluteal artery come from?

What does the sacral plexus and the lumbosacral trunk come from?

A

Superior gluteal a. exits greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis

Inferior gluteal a. exits greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis m.

Sacral plexus and lumbosacral trunk gives rise to superior and inferior gluteal nn and sciatic nn.

18
Q

What does the clunial nn. do?

What do the superior and inferior gluteal aa. and n. do?

What does the sciatic n. do?

Where do all these structures come from?

A

Superior clunial nn: cutaneous to superior buttocks

Medial/middle clunial nn: cutaneous to medial buttocks

Inferior clunial nn: cutaneous to inferior buttocks via posterior femoral cutaneous n.

Superior gluteal artery and nerve (L4-S1): motor to gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata

Inferior gluteal artery and nerve (L5-S2): motor to gluteus maximus

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3): main nerve of posterior thigh

19
Q

What is Trendelenburg sign?

What nerve is implicated?

What type of gait presents?

A

Superior gluteal nerve damage

deficit to primary hip abductors (medius, minimus, TFL)

Trendelenburg sign is hip drop on contralateral side when balanced on one limb

Gait presents as waddling

20
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and sacral plexus originate?

A

Lumbar plexus: L1-L4, within psoas major

Lumbosacral plexus: L2-S4, links lumbar and sacral plexuses

Sacral plexus: S1-S4, overlays piriformis m.

21
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve come from?

What are its divisions?

What nerves do these divisions give rise to?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Anterior divisions (back of leg): hip extension, abduction, knee flexion

Posterior division (front of leg): hip flexion, adduction, knee extension

Tibial division: anterior divison that gives rise to the tibial nerve. Does motor innervation to the posterior thigh and leg, plantar foot

Common fibular division: posterior division that gives rise to common fibular n. Does motor to anterior and lateral leg, dorsal foot

12% divisions separate as they exit greater sciatic foramen, ususally divide in popliteal fossa

22
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

piriformis hypertrophy or spasm affects sciatic n, mostly common fibular division

variable relationship between piriformis and sciatic nerve divisions

11% common fibular n. pierces through piriformis

1% common fibular passes over piriformis

23
Q

What is the main artery and nerve of the posterior thigh?

What is the main action of the posterior thigh?

A

Deep femoral artery (via perforating branches)

Sciatic n. (L4-S3) mostly tibial division

Hip extension, knee flexion

24
Q

Semitendinosus

A

PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: medial tibial condyle
Act: hip extension, knee flexion,
knee medial rotation
Inn: tibial division of sciatic n

25
Q

Semimembranosus

A

PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: medial tibial condyle
Act: hip extension, knee flexion,
knee medial rotation
Inn: tibial division of sciatic n

26
Q

Biceps femoris, long head

A

PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: head of fibula
Act: hip extension, knee flexion,
knee lateral rotation
Inn: tibial division of sciatic n

27
Q

Biceps femoris, short head

A

PA: linea aspera
DA: head of fibula
Act: knee flexion, lateral rotation
Inn: common fibular division of
sciatic n

If tibial division is damaged, there will still be some knee flexion via the short head of biceps femoris

28
Q

What are hamstring injuries?

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris long head

Tendon avulsion near proximal attachment (ischial tuberosity)

Can also have avulstion fracture of ischial tuberosity

Injury most common during extreme flexion of hip

29
Q

Semitendinosus tendon graft

A

Used for ligament and tendon repair (ie. ACL)

tendon stripper is used to remove a strip from the middle 1/3 of tendon, heals with time

30
Q

What is pes anserinus? Where is it located?

What are some clinical correlations associated with pes anserinus?

A

“Goose’s foot”

Common attachment site for:

Sartorius: anterior compartment

Gracilis: medial compartment

Semitendinosus: posterior compartment

Medial side of tibia

Can have bursitis, tendinitis, fascitis: localized pain, side to side movements

31
Q

What spinal cord levels does the sciatic nerve come from?

What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve that innervate the posterior thigh? What muscles do they innervate?

What artery supplies the posterior thigh?

A

L4-S3

Tibial division: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris long head

Common fibular division: biceps femoris short head

32
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

Where is it?

What conditions can result in swelling of the popliteal fossa?

A

posterior knee, diamond shaped

passageway for neurovasculature, provides protection

structures more easily palpated when knee is semi flexed

Swelling can be caused by abscess, tumor, aneurysm, bursitis, popliteal (baker’s) cyst (effused synovial fluid)

33
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superior boundary: hamstrings

semitendinosus, semimembranosus medially

biceps femoris laterally

Inferior boundary: medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

34
Q

What are the two tendons that you can palpate when the knee is flexed on either side of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semitendinosus tendon (medial)

Biceps femoris tendon (lateral)

35
Q

What is the popliteal artery?

Where does it come from?

What does it become?

A

continuation of the femoral a. name change at adductor hiatus

supplies the knee joint via genicular aa.

terminates at branching of anterior and posterior tibial aa.

fibular a. is a branch off the anterior tibial a.

36
Q

What are the genicular aa.?

A

branches of the popliteal artery that supplies the knee joint

superior medial genicular a.

middle genicular a.

inferior medial genicular a.

superior lateral genicular a.

interfior lateral genicular a.

circumflex fibular a. (goes around the head of the fibula)

37
Q

What arteries make up the anastomoses around the knee?

A

descnding branch of the lateral femoral circumflex a.

genicular aa.

saphenous branch of the femoral a.

circumflex fibular a.

38
Q

What are the two big divisions of the sciatic nerve?

Where does it typically divide?

A

Typically divides in the popliteal fossa, although it can be very variable

Tibial nerve: supplies posterior leg, terminal branches supply plantar foot (medial and lateral plantar nerves)

Common fibular nerve: courses anterolaterally. branches supply anterior and lateral leg, dorsal foot

39
Q

What are some clinical correlations associated with the popliteal artery?

A

popliteal pulse when flexed

popliteal obstruction or compression

popliteal aneurysm

40
Q

What is a clincal concern with the common fibular nerve?

A

Courses around the head of the fibula

superficial location is a clinical concern

it is the most common LE nerve injury

anterolateral and dorsum of foot

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions