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Anatomy > L35 Flexor Arm and Forearm > Flashcards

L35 Flexor Arm and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dense CT between bones called? Here between the ulna and the radius?

A

interosseous membrane

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2
Q

What is the purpose of having compartments of the arm?

A

limits or slows down the spread of infection

aids in muscle function because the CT is not very elastic and keeps muscles in place

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3
Q

What is the main nerve and artery suppling the flexor compartment of the arm?

What is the main action of the flexor arm?

A

brachial artery

musculocutaneous nerve: motor innervation to all of anterior compartment

forearm flexion and supination

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4
Q

Describe the elbow joint and its action.

What are three ligaments associated with the elbow joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

humerus, ulna, radius

flexion and extension

radial collateral ligament

ulnar collateral ligament

anular ligament: holds radius in place

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5
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot joint

radius, ulna

supination and pronation

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6
Q

Biceps brachii

A

PA: long head: supraglenoid tubercle

short head: coracoid process

DA: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis

Act: flex and supinates forearm

Inn: musculocutaneous nerve

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7
Q

What is the biceps reflex?

A

Tests C5, test at elbow

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8
Q

What is special about the medial bicipital groove?

A

it is where you can palpate the brachial artery

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9
Q

What joints do both heads of the biceps brachii act at?

A

GH, elbow, radioulnar joints

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10
Q

How can you get tendonitis in the biceps brachii?

What ligament and bursa covers the long head tendon?

A

repetitive use and inflammation within the intertubercular sulcus can lead to tendonitis and rupture of tendon

“popeye” deformity: rupture of long head tendon

transverse humeral ligament and subdeltoid bursa

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11
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

PA: coracoid process

DA: humeral midshaft

Act: flexes and adducts

Inn: musculocutaneous nerve pierces

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12
Q

Brachialis

A

PA: distal humerus

DA: coronoid process, ulnar tuberosity

Act: strong flexor of the forearm

Inn: musculocutaneous nerve

sensory from radial nerve

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13
Q

Where does the brachial artery begin?

What are its branches in the arm?

A

The brachial artery begins at the inferior border of teres major

Give off first branch which is the deep artery of the arm that travels with the radial nerve and supplies the posterior arm

More inferiorly the brachial artery gives off superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries

There is also a radial and middle collateral off the deep artery of the arm

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14
Q

What are the 3 main flexor arm nerves?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve: pierces coracobrachialis, supplies flexor arm

Median nerve: no motor in the arm, travels in flexor compartment with the brachial artery

Ulnar nerve: no innervation in the arm, travels in the flexor compartment more posterior and medial to the brachial artery and median nerve. Give off two cutaneous branches: medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

brachioradialis m

pronator teres m.

line connectin the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus

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16
Q

What are the neurovascular contents of the cubital fossa?

A

brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar aa. typically in the fossa

radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches

median nerve runs with the brachial artery

ulnar nerve goes around the posterior side of the joint (medical epicondyle)

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17
Q

What is the most common site for venipuncture?

A

median cubital vein

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18
Q

What are the main anastomoses of the elbow?

A

collateral aa. are proximal to the elbow and braches off the brachial artery and deep artery of the arm

recurrent aa. are distal to the elbow, brings blood up to meet the collateral aa. and are branches of the radial and ulnar aa.

radial recurrent off the radial a. anastomoses with the radial collateral

recurrent interosseous anastomoses with the middle collateral a

anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent off the ulnar artery anastomoses with the superior and inferior ulnar collateral aa.

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19
Q

What are the main arteries and nerves supplying the flexor forearm?

What are the main actions of the forearm?

A

Radial and ulnar aa.

median and ulnar nn.

pronation of the forearm

flexion, abduction, adduction of the wrist

flexion of the digits

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20
Q

What is a common flexor origin?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

21
Q

Which forearm bone extends more distally?

What does this allow?

A

The radius extends more distally than the ulna, allowing for greater adduction than abduction

22
Q

What is medial epicondylitis?

A

inflammation of common flexor origin and periosteum of the medial epicondyle “golfer’s elbow”

23
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

24
Q

What are the three bone sets of the hand?

A

carpals (wrist)

metacarpals (palm)

phalanges (fingers: proximal, middle, distal)

Metacarpals and phalanges have a base, shaft and head

25
Q

What is special about the pollex or digit 1?

A

has two sesamoid bones (bones that form within tendon) at the head of MC1

has proximal and distal phalanges only

26
Q

Describe fracture of the distal ulna and radius.

A

most common in age 50+, especially women with osteoporosis

fall during wrist extension: colles fracture “dinner fork deformity”

fall during wrist flexion: smiths fracture, bones displaced anteriorly

27
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot joint

radius, ulna

supination, pronation

28
Q

What accomodates radial movements?

A

sacciform recess between radius and ulna

29
Q

What is the wrist or radiocarpal, RC joint?

A

synovial condyloid joint

radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium

no ulna: allows greater adduction

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

30
Q

What are two ligaments associated with the wrist?

A

dorsal radiocarpal ligament

dorsal radioulnar ligament

They are both also palmar ligaments

31
Q

What is the 1st carpometacarpal joint? (CMC)

A

synovial saddle joint

trapezium and 1st MC

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, reposition

32
Q

What is the metacarpophalangeal joint? (MCP)

A

synovial condyloid joint

MC and proximal phalanx

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

33
Q

What is the interphalangeal joints? (IP)

A

synovial hinge joint

proximal (PIP) and distal (DIP)

flexion and extension

34
Q

What are three ligaments associated with the phalanges?

A

deep transverse metacarpal ligaments: restricts abduction

palmar plates or ligaments: joint capsule thickening, protection from tendons

collateral ligaments: medial and lateral reinforcement

35
Q

What digit is the axis of abduction and adduction for digits 2-5?

A

3rd digit

can abduct in two directions

36
Q

Pronator teres

A

PA: coronoid process, medial epicondyle

DA: radius (lateral midshaft)

Act: pronates and flexes forearm

Inn: median n.

37
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

PA: medial epicondyle of the humerus
DA: 2nd metacarpal (base)
Act: flexes & abducts hand
Inn: median n

38
Q

Palmaris longus

A

PA: medial epicondyle of the humerus
DA: palmar aponeurosis
Act: flexes hand, tenses palmar aponeur.
Inn: median n

39
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

PA: olecranon process (not CFO)
DA: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
Act: flexes & adducts hand
Inn: ulnar n

40
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

PA: medial epicondyle, radius
DA: middle phalanges 2-5
Act: flexes RC, CMC, MCP, PIP
Inn: median n

41
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

PA: ulna, interosseus membrane
DA: distal phalanges 2-5
Act: flexes RC, CMC, MCP, PIP, DIP
Inn: digits 2 & 3: median n
(anterior interosseous branch)
digits 4 & 5: ulnar n

DIP flexion 4&5 is ulnar nerve, not median

42
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

PA: radius, interosseus membrane
DA: 1st distal phalanx (base)
Act: flexes 1st digit
Inn: median n (ant. inteross. branch)

43
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

PA: distal ulna
DA: distal radius
Act: pronates forearm
Inn: median n (ant. inteross. branch)

44
Q

What is a tendinous chiasm?

A

FDS tendon splits to allow passage of FDP tendons

45
Q

What is the fibrous digital sheath?

A

anchors tendon to bone

prevents bowstringing

has annular and cruciform portions

46
Q

What are two branches of the ulnar artery right after the elbow?

A

common interosseus a. that branches into anterior and posterior interosseus arteries. These run along the anterior and posterior sides of the interosseus membrane

47
Q

What is one function of the deep veins accompanying the arteries? venae comitantes

A

cooler veins provide thermoregulation

48
Q

What are the main nerves of the forearm?

A

Ulnar nerve passes posterior to medial epicondyle in ulnar groove (funny bone). Compression can cause cubital tunnel syndrome. Ulnar nerve than passes wrist within ulnar tunnel or Guyon’s canal. Compression can cause ulnar tunnel syndrome.

Median nerve has a branch called anterior interosseous branch in the forearm. It then passes through the wrist within carpal tunnel. Compression can cause carpal tunnel syndrome

Radial braches in forearm to superficial and deep branches

Anatomy (11 decks)

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