Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > L38 Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

L38 Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Iliopsoas

A

PA: T12-L5 vertebrae
DA: lesser trochanter
Act: hip flexor (primary)
Inn: femoral n (iliacus)
anterior rami (psoas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pectineus

A

PA: sup. pubic ramus
DA: pectineal lines
Act: hip flexor, adductor
Inn: femoral n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sartorius

A

PA: ASIS
DA: proximomedial tibia
Act: hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, knee flexion medial knee rotation
Inn: femoral n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four heads of quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the one muscle of knee extension?

A

Quadriceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rectus femoris

A

PA: AIIS
DA: tibial tuberosity
Act: knee extension, hip flexion
Inn: femoral n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

PA: anterolateral femur
DA: tibial tuberosity
Act: knee extension
Inn: femoral n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

PA: linea aspera
DA: tibial tuberosity
Act: knee extension
Inn: femoral n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vastus medialis

A

PA: linea aspera
DA: tibial tuberosity
Act: knee extension
Inn: femoral n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the common insertion of quadriceps femoris?

How does it continue to the leg?

A

All four heads of quadriceps femoris come together to form the quadriceps tendon–>patella (sesamoid bone)–>patellar ligament–>tibial tuberosity

This is why they all insert on the tibial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When do limb buds appear and when do they rotate in the LE?

A

Limb buds appear week 4

LE rotates 90 degrees medially in the 7th week, posture persists through infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does the LE change to outward alignment and what is it called?

A

Changes from varus to valgus (outward) alignmnent when person starts to walk at 1.5 years

Maximum valgus at 3 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 joints in the LE?

A

Coxofemoral (os coxae, femur)

Tibiofemoral (femur, tibia, patella)

Talocrural (tibia, fibula, talus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Iliotibial tract and what muscles insert into it?

A

Lateral thickening of fascia lata

Acts as aponeurosis for glueteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles

IT band inserts into the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the anterior leg dermatomes?

A

Anterior LE: L1-S1

L3 medial knee

L4 medial foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are posterior LE dermatomes?

A

Primarily S1 and S2, S1 laterally

L5 bottom of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the saphenous opening?

What are the two main veins of the LE and where do they drain?

A

Opening in fascia lata where the great saphenous v. drains to the femoral v.

Great saphenous vein drains most of the leg to the femoral v.

Small saphenous v. drains posteriolateral leg and lateral foot, drains into popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

Lateral side of dorsal venous arch drains into the small saphenous v.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two main lymph nodes of the LE and where do they drain?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes: with great saphenous v. does antero-medial leg and medial foot (most superficial leg)

Popliteal nodes: with small saphenous v. does posterolateral leg and lateral foot superficial, but does most deep leg and foot

Popliteal drains to deep inguinal nodes–>external iliac nodes–>common iliac nodes

Superficial inguinal nodes–>deep inguinal and external iliac nodes–>common iliac nodes

Internal iliac nodes also drain to common iliac nodes and do the deep gluteal region

19
Q

How are the fascial compartments arranged in the leg?

Where do they septa arise from?

A

Anterior, medial, posterior compartents

Septa arise from the linea aspera on the back of the femur

20
Q

What are the main arteries and nerves of the anterior thigh?

What are the main actions of the anterior thigh?

A

Deep femoral and femoral aa.

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Hip flexion, knee extension

21
Q

Where do most hip flexors attach?

Where do most knee extenders attach?

A

Lesser trochanter: hip flexion

Tibial tubersity: knee extension

22
Q

When could you have pain with iliopsoas movement?

A

During flexion of the hip

If retroperitoneal, posterior abdominal wall associated structures are diseased (kidney, ureter, colon, pancreas, appendix)

23
Q

What is a psoas abscess?

How can you test for this?

A

Lumbar region infection may spread to psoas sheath and into thigh from the abdomen

Iliopsoas test: extend affected side to see if pain

24
Q

Where do you test for the L4 reflex?

A

Patellar ligament

25
Q

What is the main course of the femoral nerve?

What does it innervate?

A

from L2-L4 anterior rami

Motor: anterior thigh

Sensory: medial leg via saphenous branch

Saphenous brach is the only named branch of the femoral nerve

Course: lateral to psoas major, deep to inguinal ligament, within femoral canal (sheath)

26
Q

What is the course of the femoral artery and where does it come from?

What are its branches?

What does it innervate?

A

The external iliac a. becomes the femoral a. once it passes under the inguinal ligament

Once it passes through the adductor hiatus (opening in adductor magnus m) it has a name change to the popliteal a.

Near the head and neck of the femur, the deep femoral a. branches off the femoral a.

This deep artery of the thigh is the main supplier of the thigh

Off it, there are two branches that create an anastomoses and supply the hip: medial and lateral femoral circumflex aa.

There are also perforating aa. off the deep artery of the thigh that supply all thigh compartments

27
Q

What is the course of the lateral and medial femoral circumflex aa?

A

Both branches of the deep artery of the thigh

Off the lateral femoral circumflex: ascending branch, transverse branch, descending branch

Medial femoral circumflex a: wraps posterior to the femur, travels between iliopsoas and pectineus, principle supply to the femoral head

If cut off: femoral head avascular necrosis and Legg-Clave-Perthes disease

28
Q

What are the main arteries and nerves of the medial thigh?

What is the primary action of the medial thigh?

A

Deep femoral and obturator aa.

Obturator nerve (L2-L4) except adductor magnus hamstring portion (sciatic tibial division)

Obturator a. and n. come together through the obturator canal

Hip adduction

29
Q

Adductor longus

A

PA: body of pubis
DA: linea aspera
Act: hip adduction
Inn: obturator n

30
Q

Gracilis

A

PA: inferior pubic ramus
DA: proximomedial tibia
Act: hip adduction, flexion
Inn: obturator n

31
Q

Adductor brevis

A

PA: inf pubic ramus
DA: linea aspera
Act: hip adduction
Inn: obturator n

32
Q

Adductor magnus, adductor portion

A

PA: inf pubic ramus
DA: linea aspera
Act: hip adduction,
flexion
Inn: obturator n

33
Q

Adductor magnus, hamstring portion

A

PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: adductor tubercle
Act: hip adduction,
extension
Inn: tibial div. of sciatic
n (L4)

34
Q

What is a muscle that can be easily removed for transplants?

What muscles are affected by a groin pull?

A

Gracilis removal yields no significant deficits

Groin pull is strain or tearing of anteromedial thigh mm. near proximal attachment of inferiror pubic ramus and body of pubis (adductor mm). Associated with sprinting

35
Q

What is the course of the main nerve of the medial thigh?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4) comes through the obturator canal

Anerior and posterior branches are separated by aductor brevis

36
Q

What is the main course of the obturator artery?

A

supplies medial thigh

supplies femoral head via “artery to the head of the femur”

anterior and posterior branches

travels with obturator n.

37
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease? (LCPD)

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, ususally in young boys

femoral head degenerates

may require surgical intervention

38
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

What are its borders?

A

Region where neurovasculature enters the anterior thigh

Superior border: inguinal ligament

Lateral border: sartorius

Medial border: Adductor longus

39
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

What is the femoral sheath, and what are its contents?

A

Femoral triangle contents: NAVEL

Femoral n.

Femoral a.

Femoral v.

empty space

lymphatics

Femoral sheath allows gliding of structures during hip movement, AVEL is part of femoral sheathj

Can feel femoral pulse, place for femoral compression

40
Q

What are the compartments of the femoral sheath?

What are the contents of these compartments?

What is the opening to the femoral canal called?

A

Lateral compartment: femoral a.

Intermediate compartment: femoral v.

Medial compartment or Femoral canal: lymphatics, fat, loose CT, allows for expansion during venous return

Opening to femoral canal or medial compartment = femoral ring

41
Q

What are the landmarks for femoral catheter placement?

When do you use femoral vein versus artery?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

Vein for right cadiac angiography: veing goes to right atrium

Artery for left cardiac angiography: artery comes from left ventricle

42
Q

Describe femoral hernias.

A

3% of all hernias

Herniation of ileum on right side most likely

typically enters femoral canal through femoral ring

mass is palpable at the saphenous opening, inferior to the inguinal ligament, inferlateral to pubic tubercle

More common in females: broader pelvis, broader femoral ring

Don’t confuse with saphenous varix: dilation of saphenous v. in femoral triangle

More lateral and inferior than an inguinal hernia through the superficial ring

43
Q

What is the Adductor (Hunter) Canal?

What are its borders?

A

From femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

Conducts neurovasculature to popliteal fossa

Contains femoral a/v and saphenous n.

Borders: vastus medialis, sartorius, adductor longus

44
Q

What enters and exits adductor canal?

What does not exit?

A

Femoral a/v exit the canal through the adductor hiatus to become popliteal a.v

Saphenous n. and artery do not exit the canal through the adductor hiatus, but pierce the adductor magnus muscle and supply cutaneous medial leg/foot

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions