L35- Steroid Pharmacology (cortisol + general)

Question 1

list the hormonal steroids + main purpose

Answer 1

Glucocorticoids- effects intermediary metabolism and immune function

Mineralocorticoids- salt retaining activity

Steroids: androgenic, estrogenic

Question 2

cortisone = ______ pharmacologically

Answer 2

hydrocortisone

Question 3

_______ are the names for hydrocortisone receptors

Answer 3

(cortisol)

receptor in cytoplasm –> nucleus –> receptor hormone complex binds GRE(dna) = glucocorticoid response elements

Question 4

list the catabolic effects of hydrocortisone

Answer 4

[1) protein –> AA release]
2) CT, muscle, lymphoid, peripheral fat and skin ==> wasting at high concentrations (thinning of skin)

long-term therapy limits:

3) osteoporosis
4) children- growth retardation

Question 5

list the immunosuppressive effects of hydrocortisone

Answer 5

1) Leukocytes
- inc neutrophils: inc in blood, dec migration from BVs
- dec lymphocytes (T/B cells), monocytes, eosinophils, basophils: inc migration to lymphoid tissue

2) vasoconstriction via mast cell degranulation suppression: dec His release and capillary permeability

Question 6

list the anti-inflammatory effects of hydrocortisone (glucocorticoids)

Answer 6

1) inhibits phospholipase A2 (via **annexin I activation) –> blocks arachidonic acid release (for PGs mainly + LTs, Txs)
- dec COX2 synthesis (via **NF-(kappa)B inhibition) –> dec PGs, Txs
- activates MAPK phosphatase I (inhibits MAPK proinflammation signals)

Question 7

Hydrocortisone, ‘other’ effects:

• (1) CNS
• (2) other hormones
• (3) GI
• (4) blood
• (5) renal
• (6) fetus

Answer 7

1- behavioral changes: insomnia, euphoria –> depression

2- suppresses ACTH, GH, TSH, LH (chronic use)

3- peptic ulcers: gastric acid stimulation (+ H pylori immune response suppression)

4- inc platelets, RBCs

5- improves function (impaired with cortisol deficiency)
6- fetal lung development

Question 8

Hydrocortisone:

• (short/long) duration of action
• (good/poor) skin diffusion
• (good/poor) mucous diffusion
• (strong/weak/no) salt retaining effects

Answer 8

1- short
2- poor
3- good
4- weak

Question 9

corticosteroid agonists =

Answer 9

glucocorticoids

mineralocorticoids

Question 10

list the glucocorticoids

Answer 10

prednisone
hydrocortisone
dexamethasone
beclomethasone
triamcinolone
methylprednisolone

Question 11

list the mineralocorticoids

Answer 11

aldosterone

fludrocortisone

Question 12

list the metabolic effects of hydrocortisone

Answer 12

1) Inc Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Storage
- glycogen for availability in SNS activation for brain stores
- inc serum glucose
- inc insulin release, but inhibits muscle cell uptake

2) protein catabolism –> release of AAs
3) lipolysis –> fat deposition and redistribution + free FA and glycerol release

**Net- maintains glucose levels and stores for brain