L3 Surveys, sampling, weighted data

Question 1

what is a survey?

Answer 1

where data is (mainly produced) from asking standardised questions

Question 2

who are the questions asked to?

Answer 2

a sample

Question 3

what is a sample?

Answer 3

a fraction of a population under study

Question 4

survey questions all use the same what?

Answer 4

wording

Question 5

can surveys have open ended questions in them?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what has to happen to these open ended questions later?

Answer 6

they must be coded

Question 7

statisticians aim for samples which are ………… of the population

Answer 7

representative

Question 8

self completion survey examples =

Answer 8

• postal survey
• mobile survey
• computer assisted web interviewing (CAWI / web)
• computer assisted self interview (CASI)

Question 9

what does CAWI stand for?

Answer 9

computer assisted web interview

Question 10

CASI =

Answer 10

computer assisted self interview

Question 11

assisted / with interviews survey examples =

Answer 11

• pen + paper personal interview (PAPI)
• computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI)
• computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)

Question 12

PAPI =

Answer 12

pen and paper interview

Question 13

CATI =

Answer 13

computer assisted telephone interviewing

Question 14

CAPI =

Answer 14

computer assisted personal interviewing

Question 15

why is using computers now the most common survey method?

Answer 15

to reduce human error

Question 16

ethnographic study is a standardised measure which asks…

Answer 16

…everyone the same questions

Question 17

what is a weakness of ethnographic studies?

Answer 17

time consuming + big commitment

Question 18

how much does the census cost per person in the UK

Answer 18

£15

Question 19

why do surveys?

Answer 19

as from the sample…we can estimate what it would be in terms of the whole population

Question 20

what is the example of how we should imagine sampling?

Answer 20

like a soup

Question 21

if the soup is stirred well (in terms of the sample) = a

Answer 21

random selection

Question 22

then: a spoonful of soup will give a good idea of what the rest shall taste like = an

Answer 22

accurate result

Question 23

when it comes to sampling; each member of the population should have an…

Answer 23

…equal chance of being chosen

Question 24

what is the idea of sampling and the soup?

Answer 24

you don’t need everyone to determine what you’re trying to find out

Question 25

in probability sampling: the selection relies on…

Answer 25

…chance

Question 26

(probability sampling) the probability of selection =

Answer 26

known

Question 27

(probability sampling) all member of the population have an …….. …….. of being included

Answer 27

equal chance

Question 28

non probability sampling selection relies on…

Answer 28

…the researchers judgement

Question 29

what might impact the researches sampling selection in non probability sampling?

Answer 29

• convenience
• practical reasons

Question 30

in non probability sampling, the probability of selection =

Answer 30

not known

Question 31

in non probability sampling, do all members have an equal chance to be included?

Answer 31

no

Question 32

simple random sampling =

Answer 32

all equal chances of being selected

Question 33

in simple random sampling, … ……… are considered

Answer 33

no criteria

Question 34

stratified random sampling is where researchers want to…

Answer 34

…capture something from each subgroup
- i.e. ethnicities / age group

Question 35

systematic random sampling is where =

Answer 35

sets of individuals are selected from a population at random

Question 36

example of systematic random sampling =

Answer 36

i.e. picking a road and choosing every 15th house
(11, 26, 41, 56, 71, 86)

Question 37

ATP =

Answer 37

American Trends Panel

Question 38

EPSEM =

Answer 38

equal probability of selection method

Question 39

CATI (computer assisted telephone interviewing) =

Answer 39

selecting a sample of area codes + randomly generating last 2 digits of telephone numbers

Question 40

sampling error is where the sample does fails to…

Answer 40

…reflect the true population

Question 41

when does sampling error occur?

Answer 41

when there is not enough variation in the sample

Question 42

how can sampling error be controlled?

Answer 42

by the size of the sample

Question 43

coverage error =

Answer 43

some members of the population are not covered by the sampling frame

Question 44

what might cause coverage error?

Answer 44

when the sampling frame is poor / outdated

Question 45

what does sampling bias depend on?

Answer 45

how well it represents the population

Question 46

probability sampling CON =

Answer 46

• expensive

Question 47

non probability sampling CONS =

Answer 47

• self selection
• overstudying of some panel members

Question 48

true or false - all online surveys are created equally?

Answer 48

false

Question 49

TP =

Answer 49

target population

Question 50

weighting =

Answer 50

post work adjustments of survey data to make the sample more representative of the tp

Question 51

weighting in the soup example =

Answer 51

seasoning the soup when its not quite perfect

Question 52

what should the assigned weight never be larger than?

Answer 52

3

Question 53

when can weighting only be applied?

Answer 53

if the probability of selection from the population is known

Question 54

what is response error also known as?

Answer 54

‘non response bias’

Question 55

response error is where -

Answer 55

people are less likely to fill in the survey

Question 56

what happens if less people fill in a survey?

Answer 56

some opinions will be missed

Question 57

why is response error becoming more of an issue?

Answer 57

as people do not want their data being collected

Question 58

what makes a major impact on the quality of a survey?

Answer 58

the sample

Question 59

convince sample is a …. ………… sampling method

Answer 59

non probability
- easier method for researchers to access a sample