L3 Skull Meninges & Gross Brain Flashcards
Cranial fossae
Anterior cranial fossa — what three bones comprise this fossa?
547
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
Christa galli is the bump
Middle cranial fossa:
— Which three bones?
— Hold which parts of the brain?
Tuberculin sellae has a relationship with the posterior pituitary gland
Posterior cranial fossa:
— Which three bones?
— Hold which part of the brain?
Deoxygenated blood travels through the grooves
Mater around the spine
Superficial to deep : skull to brain layers
— Between which layers do the veins travel?
Those little vessel beds recycle cerebral spinal fluid — created in the ventricles
Veins travel between the arachnoid and the pia mater
Notice the arachnoid has vessels, so if you see vessels, you are looking at the arachnoid mater
Meninges arterial supply
Where does the internal carotid artery go?
What about external?
Terminal branches of the external?
Which is the main vessel supplying the meninges/dura mater?
CLINICAL importance: Fracturing the temporal lobe area around the ear could sever which vessel? Leads to
p587
— IC artery goes straight to the brain
— EC face and scalp (maxillary and temporal)
— Terminal branches of ECA are superficial temporal and maxillary
— The middle meningeal artery (is a branch of the maxillary artery which is a terminal branch of the ECA) is the brain artery that supplies the meninges
— Common to sever middle meningeal artery which leads to a epidural hematoma
Meninges innvervation
Trigeminal divisions p 566
The meninges is generally innvervated by?
The meninges is generally innvervated by CN V1,2 and 3 as well as fibres from C3
What is this?
Aside: if you see veins on the brain, which mater are you looking at?
Arachoid mater
What is this?
White area is bleed
What are Dural folds for?
Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
Diaphargma sellae
— To separate structures of the brain and prevent rotational movement of parts of the brain
— Dural folds are meningeal layers folding down to create sinuses
— Know which folds separate which parts of the brain:
The tentorium cerebelli (Latin for “tent of the cerebellum”) is an invagination of the meningeal layer of the dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum and brainstem.
The diaphragma sellae covers the pituitary gland — it separates the pituitary gland from the intradural space and serves as an important surgical landmark.
Falx cerebri separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
Falx cerebelli is below the tentorium cerebelli and separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
Dural venous sinuses
What does the inferior saggital sinus connect to?
All drains into
ISS connects to great cerebral vein
All drains into confluence sinus
Venous anastomoses:
— what vein is a root of infection?
— which vein separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
— where do all the veins drain?
— which mater is ON the cerebrum surface?
— emissary veins : can be a root of infection
— superior sagital sinus runs between the hemispheres of the cerebrum
— All the veins (superior & transverse) drain into the confluence of sinuses
— Pia mater is on the cerebral surface
Cavernous sinus —
What type of blood here?
Which mater creates this space? What is it continuous with?
Which cranial nerves?
593
Area where the dura mater creates a space that’s filled with deoxygenated blood along with other structures
The cavernous sinus is roofed by an inner layer of dura mater (meninges) that continues with the diaphragma sellae that covers the superior part of the pituitary gland.
CN III, IV, V, VI (2,4,5(div.1,2),6) — which makes sense because these nerves are heading to the eyes, ears and face. Make a logical guess here!
Ventricles — list the order/pathway from superior to inferior
Spaces within the brain where CSF is created and flows within this region
— Lateral ventricle
— Interventricular foramen
— 3rd ventricle
— Aqueduct of the midbrain
— 4th ventricle
CSF production, flow and reabsorption — know the flow
What specifically creates CSF?
CSF joins where to be recycled?
Lateral ventricle
IV foramen
3rd ventricle
Cerebral aqua duct
4th ventricle
Median aperture
Central canal
choroid plexus creates CSF
joins the venous system to be recycled
Meningitis
Brain
Grossed Brain : lateral
Frontal: motor
Parietal: sensory
Temporal: auditory
Occipital: visual
Cerebellum: balance
Gross brain lateral — know this well
Gross brain lateral — know this well
Gross brain superior
Gross brain medial
A is occipital
B is parietal
C is frontal
D is
Gross brain medial
Circle of Willis
Which carotid supplies blood to the anterior/middle brain? Internal or external?
Which artery supplies the posterior brain? think logically here
Anterior — Internal carotid
Posterior — Vertebral which is a branch of the subclavian
Posterior/vertebral makes logical sense
Circle of Willis — see print out for all arteries
Circle of Willis cadaver
What is this?
Notice the arteries are missing on the left side so you can see that part of the brain is not receiving any blood supply
Gross brain, ventral/inferior
Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves, cadaver
Anterior cranial fossa
Medial cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
Label all of this
Know the foramen and which nerves go through them
Which one is mostly closed in the human body? Which vessel goes halfway through it?
Foramen lacerum — internal carotid only goes half way
