L3: respiration Flashcards
what is the difference between breathing and respiration?
breathing is a physical process, respiration is a chemical reaction which releases energy
what is breathing?
a physical process where we inhale oxygen and exhale waste carbon dioxide
what is respiration?
chemical reaction which releases the energy from glucose in the food we eat and oxygen we breathe
where does breathing happen?
in our lungs
where does respiration happen?
mitochondria
what cells will usually have lots of mitochondria?
cells that require lots of energy
can you name two examples of cells that require a lot of energy?
muscle or sperm
do most animal and plant cells have mitochondria?
yes
what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
why is it called aerobic respiration?
energy is released in the presence of oxygen
what type of chemical is glucose?
a carbohydrate
what does glucose do in aerobic respiration?
it stores lots of energy
what does oxygen do in aerobic respiration?
it releases all the energy in the glucose so that our cells can stay alive and perform their functions
what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
(all the numbers are small) C6H12O6 + O2 (arrow) CO2 + H2O
what happens to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration?
they get exhaled
what safety precautions do we need to be use when doing the lime water test?
eye protection
when does anaerobic respiration usually take place?
during intense intense exercise when it is harder to get oxygen your cells need, “emergency backup”
when doing an intense exercise, why are your muscles sore?
lactic acid, heart wasn’t able to pump blood to your muscles as easily - respiration without oxygen
why is lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration?
because glucose cant be properly broken without oxygen
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose (arrow) lactic acid
what is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?
(all the numbers should be small) C6H12O6 (arrow) C3H6O3
what is it called when plants/fungi respire anaerobically?
fermentation
what is the word equation for fermentation?
glucose (arrow) ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is the symbol equation for fermentation?
(all numbers should be small, you can infer the ones which aren’t) C6H12O6 (ARROW) 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
name two uses for fermentation?
CO2 produced in fermentation to make dough rise when we make bread, ethanol can make alcoholic drinks
what is the definition of an adaptation?
a change that helps something do its job
what does alveoli have to be protected from?
dirt and germs
what are the five different parts of the alveoli?
blood leaving the alveoli, capillaries, alveolus, blood entering the alveoli, air
can you give a brief summary of gaseous exchange between the alveoli and capillaries?
gases and dissolved molecules (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) will go through diffusion
what is diffusion?
when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area with low concentration
how are the lungs adapted for maximum gas exchange? (alveoli)
many alveoli - increases surface area, means more oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged
how are the lungs adapted for maximum gas exchange? (blood supply)
alveoli surrounded by capillaries carrying blood nearby, blood constantly being refreshed
how are the lungs adapted for maximum gas exchange?(alveoli’s walls)
alveolus wall only 1-cell thick, means oxygen+carbon dioxide have short distance to diffuse, easy for gases to get in/out
