L1: the breathing system Flashcards
What is the breathing system in the body used for?
To get the oxygen needed for respiration and to get rid of one of the waste products of respiration: the gas, carbon dioxide
Is breathing in and out different processes in the body?
Yes
What is breathing in called?
Inhaling
What do you breathe in?
Air, including oxygen, into your lungs
What is breathing out called?
Exhalation
What happens when you breathe out?
You breathe out the contents of your lungs and get rid of the waste carbon dioxide
what is the name of the pipe which leads to your lungs?
trachea
what are the names of the two tubes which lead of the wind pipe?
bronchus (plural: bronchi)
what are the names of the very small tubes in the lungs?
bronchioles
what surrounds the lungs?
ribs
what is the name for the air sacs in the lungs?
alveoli
where is the diaphragm?
below the lungs and heart
how does air containing oxygen enter our breathing system?
through openings in our nose and mouth
how are your nose and mouth linked?
they are linked at the back by your pharynx (throat)
what does the trachea do?
this connects your mouth to the tubes that go into your lungs
what is at the top of the trachea?
larynx (voice box)
what is the trachea surrounded by and what does the thing surrounding it do?
rings of cartilage to stop it getting crushed or collapsing
what does the trachea split into?
two main tubes- the bronchi (one bronchus, two bronchi)
what happens to the bronchi as the air goes deeper into the lungs?
they divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles
what do we find at the end of the bronchioles?
tiny, flexible sacs of air called alveoli (singular alveolus)
what are the alveoli surrounded by?
blood vessels called capillaries
what process takes place at the alveoli and capillaries?
gas exchange
what is happens at the gas exchange which happens in our lungs?
the oxygen from the air we’ve breathed in moves into our blood through the capillary from the alveolus and the capillary gives the carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveolus through diffusion
what does inspired air mean?
the air that is taken into our body during inhalation
what does expired air mean?
the air that leaves our body through exhalation
how much of our inspired air is nitrogen?
79%
how much of our expired air is nitrogen?
79%
how much of our inspired air is oxygen?
21%
how much of our expired air is oxygen?
16%
how much of our inspired air is carbon dioxide?
0.04%
how much of our expired air is carbon dioxide?
4%
how much of our inspired air is water vapour and what does the answer mean?
variable, the amount of water vapour depends on the temperature etc
how much of our expired air is water vapour and what does the answer mean?
saturated, the water vapour exhaled is at body temp
what’s the intercostal muscles?
muscles between the passageways into the lungs.
what is the trachea?
the windpipe. Has rings of cartilage for support and protection
what are the bronchi?
the two main passageways into the lungs
what are the bronchioles?
smaller passageways (connected to the bronchi) that lead to the alveoli
what are the alveoli?
organ where gaseous exchange takes place
what are the ribs?
bones that protect the lungs and heart
what is the diaphragm?
sheet of muscle underneath the lungs that controls breathing
what are the lungs?
organs between the ribs that help control breathing
how does our diaphragm and intercostal muscles help us inhale?
we inhale, diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, making lung volume increase. makes pressure in lungs decrease and air rushes in
how does our diaphragm and intercostal muscles help us exhale?
exhale, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, making lung volume decrease. makes pressure in lungs increase and air rushes out
what is a pluck?
internal organs from chest cavity of an animal
