L2: interrelated systems Flashcards
what 3 organ systems work together for breathing and respiration?
respiratory system, digestive system, circulatory system
what are the main organs of the digestive system?
there are 9 organs: salivary gland, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and rectum
why do we need to digest food?
to make it smaller
why do we need to make food smaller?
to absorb all the nutrients into our blood (big chunks of food can’t move into the blood)
what happens when the food is in our blood?
our cells can access it and use it
which food group is our main source of energy?
carbohydrates
what are carbohydrates made of?
glucose
why do we need glucose?
it is one of the things we need to be able to do respiration and release energy
how many seconds does it take for a blood cell to circulate the whole body?
20
how many swimming pools can your blood fill in your lifetime?
100
how many times does your heart beat per day?
100 000
if all of your blood vessels in your body were laid end to end, how many miles would they extend?
60 000
how many litres of blood are in your body?
5
how many miles can one blood cell travel in a day?
12 000
what is the circulatory system made of?
the heart, blood vessels, blood
what does our circulatory system do?
transports all of the raw materials cells need to function, collects all of cells waste products, deliver to right places of removal
what are the routes/roads of our circulatory system?
blood vessels
what are the transporters of our circulatory system?
blood
what is the pump that moves our blood around in our circulatory system?
heart
what six things are in plasma?
water, glucose and other nutrients, minerals, urea, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hormones
what colour is the substance plasma?
straw-coloured
what texture is plasma?
watery
what is urea?
a waste product of the breakdown of amino acids and is excreted by kidneys
how do the red blood cells carry oxygen?
by using a protein called haemoglobin
what do white blood cell protect us against?
infection
what are platelets?
they are bits of dead cells that clot to make scabs
what do arteries do?
take blood from the heart to the organs of the body
what do veins do?
take blood back from the organs to the heart
what do capillaries do?
transport blood between arteries and veins (also responsible for gaseous exchange)
what is the double circulatory system?
where blood passes through the heart twice and has two separate circuits, one for oxygenated blood and one for deoxygenated blood
which side of the heart is oxygenated blood?
left
which side of the heart is deoxygenated blood?
right
what is the heart made of?
the heart is made of entirely of muscle
how is it unlike any other muscle in the body?
it never tires
how is oxygenated blood carried to the heart?
by the coronary arteries
does the heart need a blood supply?
although it is full of blood, it does need its own blood supply
what is the top chamber of the heart called?
atrium
what is the bottom chamber of the heart called?
ventricle
which side of the heart gives the lungs deoxygenated blood?
right
which side of the heart gets oxygenated blood from the lungs ?
left
what is the first step of blood circulation?
blood gets pumped from the heart to the lungs and pick up oxygen
what is the second step of blood circulation?
the blood is then taken back to the heart
what is the third step of blood circulation?
the heart pumps the blood to intestine (where oxygen and glucose are removed)
what is the fourth step of blood circulation?
oxygen and glucose removed for respiration, blood is sent back to heart and starts again
