L3: Psychoanalytic Theory and Defense Mechanisms Flashcards
Introduction of Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic theory is among a group of theories that:
- tried to explain how personality normally develops.
- Have concern about the difficulties met in early development and may be lead to long-term personality deficits or psychiatric disorders later in life.
Each theory assumed a certain type of psychotherapy that is based on the hypothesis and assumptions of this theory.
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Psychoanalytic theory can be considered as the first theory of personality among other theories such as: Behavioral, Humanistic, Cognitive, Object Relation…
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what is Psychoanalytic theory based on?
Sigmund Freud’s concept that behavior is determined by forces derived from unconscious mental processes.
what are freud theories of mind?
- the Topographic theory of the mind (developed it early in his career).
- the Structural theory of mind (developed it later in his career).
He was also concerned with Dreams, Instinct theory and Transference.
In the topographic theory, the mind contains three levels:
unconscious mind, preconscious mind & conscious mind
Characters of unconscious mind
Characters of preconscious mind
contains memories that, while not immediately available, can be accessed easily.
Characters of conscious mind
- contains thoughts that a person is currently aware of.
- It operates in close conjunction with the preconscious mind but doesn’t have access to unconscious mind.
- The conscious mind uses secondary process thinking (logical, mature, time oriented) and can delay gratification.
Parts of Structural theory of mind
- Id, Superego, Ego
what does Id Contain?
instinctive sexual & aggressive drives
what is Id Controlled by?
Controlled by:
- primary process thinking
Not influenced by:
- external reality
what does Superego contain?
Associated with:
- Moral values.
- Conscience.
what does Superego control?
Controls the expression of the id
what does Ego Control?
Controls the expression of the id: to adapt to the requirements of the external world (primarily by using defense mechanisms).
value of Ego
Id, Ego, Superego
- Topographic Level
- Age at which it develops
Def of Defense Mechanism
- it refers to an unconscious mental techniques that used by the ego to keep conflicts out of the conscious mind, thus decreasing anxiety and maintaining a person sense of safety, equilibrium, and self-esteem.
what is Repression?
- Repression (which is pushing unacceptable emotions into the unconscious i.e, Motivated forgetting) is the basic defense mechanism on which all others are based.
Adv & Disadv of Defense Mechanism
- They can be useful in helping people deal with difficult life situations such as medical illness (adaptation).
- when used in excess they can become a barrier to seeking care or adhering to treatment recommendations.
Mature & Immature defense mechanism
- Mature defense mechanisms (see next page) (e.g. altruism, humor, sublimation, and suppression) when used in moderation, directly help the patient or others.
- immature defense mechanisms (i.e. manifestations of child-like or disturbed behavior).
Denial
- Explanation
- Example
Displacment
- Explanation
- Example
D
Reaction Formation
- Explanation
- Example
Projection
- Explanation
- Example
Intellectuaziation
- Explanation
- Example
Dissociation
- Explanation
- Example
Identification (Introjection)
- Explanation
- Example
Regression
- Explanation
- Example
Humor
- Explanation
- Example
Altruism
- Explanation
- Example
Suppression
- Explanation
- Example
Def of Transference Reactions
- transference and countertransference are unconscious mental attitudes based on important past personal relationships (e.g. with parents).
Effect of Transference in physician-Patient Relationship
These phenomena may alter judgment and behavior in patients’ relationships with their doctors (transference) and doctors’ relationships with their patients (countertransference)
types of transference
countertransference
- Feelings about a patient who reminds the doctor of a close friend or relative can interfere with the doctor’s medical judgment.
