L3 Ovulation and Fertilisation Flashcards
Anterior vs. Posterior Pituitary hormones?
Posterior
- ADH
- Oxytocin
Anterior
- FSH
- LH
- TSH
- ACTH
- Prolactin
- Growth Hormone
Begins with the onset of menses and ends on the day of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge
Follicular Phase
Begins on the day of the LH surge and ends at the onset of the next menses
Luteal Phase
Duration of typical menstrual cycle?
The average adult menstrual cycle lasts 28 to 35 days, with approximately 14 to 21 days in the follicular phase and 14 days in the luteal phase.
Significantly more cycle variability for the first 5-7 years after menarche and for the last 10 years before cessation of menses
Early Follicular Phase of the Ovarian Cycle
- Ovaries hormonally ______________
- Gentle increase in __________ pulsatility
- __________-mediated recruitment of follicles
Early Follicular Phase
- ovaries hormonally inactive
- Gentle increase in GnRH pulsatility
- FSH-mediated recruitment of follicles
Mid Luteal Phase of Ovarian Cycle:
- follicles recruited, secrete ___________ and ___________ => negative feedback of FSH
- Serum ________________ levels increase in week prior to ovulation
- Switch from __________ to __________ feedback at level of pituitary
- ________ surge leads to ovulation
Mid Luteal Phase
- follicles recruited, secrete Estradiol and Inhibin A => negative feedback of FSH
- Serum Estradiol levels increase in week prior to
ovulation - Switch from negative to positive feedback at level of
pituitary - LH surge leads to ovulation
Basal Body Temperature and Ovulation?
Increase in Basal Body Temp After Ovulation (~ Day 14)
____________ phase is variable; _______ phase constant
Follicular phase is variable; Luteal Phase constant
Menstrual Cycle
- Before ovulation, _______ produces androgens; _____________ converts these androgens to oestradiol
- After ovulation, both cells produce _______________ and ______________.
- What do each of these hormones do?
Before ovulation, Theca produces androgens; Granulosa converts these androgens to oestradiol
After ovulation, both cells produce Progesterone and Oestrogens
- Oestrogens induces endometrial hyperplasia
- Progesterone matures and stabilises endometrial cells
Bleeding can follow either ___________ or _____________ withdrawal
Bleeding can follow either oestrogen or progesterone withdrawal
Only ____________ mucus is penetrable by sperm
Only oestrogenic mucus is penetrable by sperm
Layers of the Egg a sperm must penetrate? (4)
3 changes that occur after Sperm penetrates vitelline membrane?
Endometrial/Hormonal Changes after fertilization?
Post-Fertilization Entry into Uterus
_________________: Process of embryonic attachment to uterine wall
- Occurs day _______ after ovulation
- ________________ invade endometrium/decidua
Implantation: Process of embryonic attachment to uterine wall
- Occurs day 7-8 after ovulation
- Trophoblasts invade endometrium/decidua
Functions of the Placenta?
Pregnancy hormone that is a glycoprotein, with an early peak responsible for pregnancy maintenance?
HCG
Pregnancy hormone that is a polypeptide, with anabolic and breast affects?
HPL
Pregnancy hormone that is a steroid, from fetus via placenta
Oestriol
Pregnancy hormone from corpus luteum initially, later placenta, responsible for vascular effects?
Progesterone
Pregnancy hormone from corupus luteum that relaxes pelvic joints?
Relaxin
