L3 Male & Female Reproductive Endocrinology

Question 1

What does the hypothalamus secrete?

Answer 1

gonadotrophin releasing hormone

Question 2

What does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 2

luteinizing hormone

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 3

What stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 3

gonadotrophin releasing hormone

Question 4

What stimulates the secretion of testosterone?

Answer 4

LH

Question 5

What inhibits the secretion FSH from anterior pituitary?

Answer 5

testosterone from testes via negative feedback

Question 6

What happens when males go through puberty? (8)

Answer 6

increased aggression and libido

enlargement of the larynx

male pattern pubic hair

maturation of genitalia

muscle development

sperm production

bone growth

acne

Question 7

What do the ovaries secrete?

Answer 7

oestrogens and progesterone

Question 8

LH and FSH both act on what?

Answer 8

ovaries and testes

Question 9

What happens when females go through puberty? (8)

Answer 9

female psyche

fair complexion

breast development

widening of the pelvis

maturation of genitalia

female pattern pubic hair

subcutaneous fat deposition

ovulation and menstruation

Question 10

FSH acts on testes to cause what?

Answer 10

Sperm production

Question 11

Sperm production requires?

Answer 11

LH => testosterone

FSH => sperm production

Question 12

Oestrogens do not affect what?

Answer 12

the foetus

as there is oestrogen from the mother regardless of sex of offspring

Question 13

If there is no hormone influence?

Answer 13

causes birth of a baby with female anatomy

Question 14

What do testosterones cause?

Answer 14

birth of a baby with male anatomy

Question 15

If XY cannot produce testosterones

Answer 15

born with female genitalia

Question 16

If there is a little bit of testosterone?

Answer 16

may get partial male anatomy

Question 17

What happens at puberty in males?

Answer 17

massive increase in testosterone

Question 18

testosterone converted into what to cause bone growth?

Answer 18

oestradiol

Question 19

In females, LH causes

Answer 19

ovaries to secrete progesterone

Question 20

when is progesterone most important?

Answer 20

only important during pregnancy

Question 21

what do oestrogens suppress?

Answer 21

FSH secretion

Question 22

FSH causes what in females?

Answer 22

oestrogen secretion

Question 23

GNRH secretion in females is

Answer 23

pulsatile

Question 24

Slow production of GNRH causes?

Answer 24

FSH secretion

Question 25

Fast production of GNRH causes?

Answer 25

LH secretion

Question 26

What happens if a female foetus is exposed to testosterone?

Answer 26

loses pulsatility of GNRH secretion and becomes like a male

Question 27

What is the average age women start menopause?

Answer 27

52

Question 28

Why do women go through menopause?

Answer 28

ovaries stop producing oestrogens you lose negative feedback therefore LH and FSH secretion goes up it is an endocrine event

Question 29

What is the average duration of bleeding during menstrual cycle?

Answer 29

7 days

Question 30

In first few days

Answer 30

FSH conc rises Oestrogen conc rises Oestrogen provided negative feedback causing FSH conc to dip also causing oestrodiol conc to dip too

Question 31

Day 12 of menstrual cycle

Answer 31

surge in LH little surge in FSH (accidental)

Question 32

What is needed for the surge in LH at day 12?

Answer 32

3 days of elevated oestrodiol secretion

Question 33

What does LH surge cause?

Answer 33

secretion of progesterone and oestrodiol for about 7 days before it starts to tail off at day 28

Question 34

The first half of the cycle is dominated by?

Answer 34

Oestrodiol

Question 35

The second half of the cycle is dominated by?

Answer 35

progesterone

Question 36

Mid cycle there is a tiny increase in?

Answer 36

testosterone

Question 37

What is the effect of oestrodiol conc dying down to 0/rise in testosterone during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 37

acne increased sex drive (most fertile period for women)

Question 38

The last 14 days of the menstrual cycle are said to be?

Answer 38

constant

Question 39

What causes the ovum to be expelled?

Answer 39

surge in LH day 12-14

Question 40

When does ovulation occur?

Answer 40

14 days before the first day of bleeding

Question 41

What effect does oestradiol have on lining?

Answer 41

causes endometrium to thicken

Question 42

What causes endometrium to enter secretory phase?

Answer 42

progesterone

Question 43

Any drop in progesterone triggers what?

Answer 43

Collapse of the endometrium

Question 44

Vasoconstriction in endometrial tissue initiated by?

Answer 44

drop in progesterone tissue of endometrium starved of blood supply -hypoxic causes bleeding blood clots and then is liquified by fibrinolysis

Question 45

What do the dying cells produce?

Answer 45

Prostaglandins

Question 46

What do prostaglandins cause?

Answer 46

uterine contraction period cramps/pain

Question 47

Which drugs inhibit prostaglandins?

Answer 47

NSAIDs aspirin good for period pain

Question 48

Theoretical risk of using aspirin

Answer 48

anti blood clotting thins blood could increase blood flow

Question 49

What effect do oestrogen have on the cervix?

Answer 49

causes it to dilate peak during ovulation around day 14

Question 50

What effect does progesterone have on the cervix?

Answer 50

causes it to constrict

Question 51

Prostaglandins dilate cervix to allow?

Answer 51

menstrual flow

Question 52

How does progesterone stop sperm/bacteria getting into uterus?

Answer 52

causes mucus to become viscous

Question 53

How long can the ovum be fertilised for?

Answer 53

1.5-2 days after ovulation

Question 54

Average lifespan of sperm

Answer 54

2 days