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203 - Theme 2 - Reproductive System, Fetal Development, Pregnancy and Birth > L3 Male & Female Reproductive Endocrinology > Flashcards

L3 Male & Female Reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the hypothalamus secrete?

A

gonadotrophin releasing hormone

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2
Q

What does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

luteinizing hormone

follicle stimulating hormone

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3
Q

What stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary?

A

gonadotrophin releasing hormone

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4
Q

What stimulates the secretion of testosterone?

A

LH

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5
Q

What inhibits the secretion FSH from anterior pituitary?

A

testosterone from testes via negative feedback

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6
Q

What happens when males go through puberty? (8)

A

increased aggression and libido

enlargement of the larynx

male pattern pubic hair

maturation of genitalia

muscle development

sperm production

bone growth

acne

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7
Q

What do the ovaries secrete?

A

oestrogens and progesterone

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8
Q

LH and FSH both act on what?

A

ovaries and testes

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9
Q

What happens when females go through puberty? (8)

A

female psyche

fair complexion

breast development

widening of the pelvis

maturation of genitalia

female pattern pubic hair

subcutaneous fat deposition

ovulation and menstruation

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10
Q

FSH acts on testes to cause what?

A

Sperm production

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11
Q

Sperm production requires?

A

LH => testosterone

FSH => sperm production

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12
Q

Oestrogens do not affect what?

A

the foetus

as there is oestrogen from the mother regardless of sex of offspring

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13
Q

If there is no hormone influence?

A

causes birth of a baby with female anatomy

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14
Q

What do testosterones cause?

A

birth of a baby with male anatomy

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15
Q

If XY cannot produce testosterones

A

born with female genitalia

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16
Q

If there is a little bit of testosterone?

A

may get partial male anatomy

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17
Q

What happens at puberty in males?

A

massive increase in testosterone

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18
Q

testosterone converted into what to cause bone growth?

A

oestradiol

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19
Q

In females, LH causes

A

ovaries to secrete progesterone

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20
Q

when is progesterone most important?

A

only important during pregnancy

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21
Q

what do oestrogens suppress?

A

FSH secretion

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22
Q

FSH causes what in females?

A

oestrogen secretion

23
Q

GNRH secretion in females is

A

pulsatile

24
Q

Slow production of GNRH causes?

A

FSH secretion

25
Q

Fast production of GNRH causes?

A

LH secretion

26
Q

What happens if a female foetus is exposed to testosterone?

A

loses pulsatility of GNRH secretion and becomes like a male

27
Q

What is the average age women start menopause?

A

52

28
Q

Why do women go through menopause?

A

ovaries stop producing oestrogens

you lose negative feedback

therefore LH and FSH secretion goes up

it is an endocrine event

29
Q

What is the average duration of bleeding during menstrual cycle?

A

7 days

30
Q

In first few days

A

FSH conc rises

Oestrogen conc rises

Oestrogen provided negative feedback causing FSH conc to dip also causing oestrodiol conc to dip too

31
Q

Day 12 of menstrual cycle

A

surge in LH

little surge in FSH (accidental)

32
Q

What is needed for the surge in LH at day 12?

A

3 days of elevated oestrodiol secretion

33
Q

What does LH surge cause?

A

secretion of progesterone and oestrodiol for about 7 days before it starts to tail off at day 28

34
Q

The first half of the cycle is dominated by?

A

Oestrodiol

35
Q

The second half of the cycle is dominated by?

A

progesterone

36
Q

Mid cycle there is a tiny increase in?

A

testosterone

37
Q

What is the effect of oestrodiol conc dying down to 0/rise in testosterone during the menstrual cycle?

A

acne

increased sex drive (most fertile period for women)

38
Q

The last 14 days of the menstrual cycle are said to be?

A

constant

39
Q

What causes the ovum to be expelled?

A

surge in LH day 12-14

40
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

14 days before the first day of bleeding

41
Q

What effect does oestradiol have on lining?

A

causes endometrium to thicken

42
Q

What causes endometrium to enter secretory phase?

A

progesterone

43
Q

Any drop in progesterone triggers what?

A

Collapse of the endometrium

44
Q

Vasoconstriction in endometrial tissue initiated by?

A

drop in progesterone

tissue of endometrium starved of blood supply -hypoxic

causes bleeding

blood clots and then is liquified by fibrinolysis

45
Q

What do the dying cells produce?

A

Prostaglandins

46
Q

What do prostaglandins cause?

A

uterine contraction

period cramps/pain

47
Q

Which drugs inhibit prostaglandins?

A

NSAIDs

aspirin good for period pain

48
Q

Theoretical risk of using aspirin

A

anti blood clotting

thins blood

could increase blood flow

49
Q

What effect do oestrogen have on the cervix?

A

causes it to dilate

peak during ovulation around day 14

50
Q

What effect does progesterone have on the cervix?

A

causes it to constrict

51
Q

Prostaglandins dilate cervix to allow?

A

menstrual flow

52
Q

How does progesterone stop sperm/bacteria getting into uterus?

A

causes mucus to become viscous

53
Q

How long can the ovum be fertilised for?

A

1.5-2 days after ovulation

54
Q

Average lifespan of sperm

A

2 days

203 - Theme 2 - Reproductive System, Fetal Development, Pregnancy and Birth (17 decks)

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